ID

VAR-201203-0056

CVE

CVE-2012-0353

TITLE

plural Cisco Service disruption in products ( Device reload ) Vulnerabilities

DESCRIPTION

The UDP inspection engine on Cisco Adaptive Security Appliances (ASA) 5500 series devices, and the ASA Services Module (ASASM) in Cisco Catalyst 6500 series devices, with software 8.0 before 8.0(5.25), 8.1 before 8.1(2.50), 8.2 before 8.2(5.5), 8.3 before 8.3(2.22), 8.4 before 8.4(2.1), and 8.5 before 8.5(1.2) does not properly handle flows, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via a crafted series of (1) IPv4 or (2) IPv6 UDP packets, aka Bug ID CSCtq10441. Cisco ASA UDP Inspection Engine is prone to a remote denial-of-service vulnerability. An attacker can exploit this issue to cause an affected device to reload, denying service to legitimate users. This issue is being tracked by Cisco Bug ID CSCtq10441. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Become a PSI 3.0 beta tester! Test-drive the new beta version and tell us what you think about its extended automatic update function and significantly enhanced user-interface. Download it here! http://secunia.com/psi_30_beta_launch ---------------------------------------------------------------------- TITLE: Cisco Adaptive Security Appliances Multiple Denial of Service Vulnerabilities SECUNIA ADVISORY ID: SA48423 VERIFY ADVISORY: Secunia.com http://secunia.com/advisories/48423/ Customer Area (Credentials Required) https://ca.secunia.com/?page=viewadvisory&vuln_id=48423 RELEASE DATE: 2012-03-15 DISCUSS ADVISORY: http://secunia.com/advisories/48423/#comments AVAILABLE ON SITE AND IN CUSTOMER AREA: * Last Update * Popularity * Comments * Criticality Level * Impact * Where * Solution Status * Operating System / Software * CVE Reference(s) http://secunia.com/advisories/48423/ ONLY AVAILABLE IN CUSTOMER AREA: * Authentication Level * Report Reliability * Secunia PoC * Secunia Analysis * Systems Affected * Approve Distribution * Remediation Status * Secunia CVSS Score * CVSS https://ca.secunia.com/?page=viewadvisory&vuln_id=48423 ONLY AVAILABLE WITH SECUNIA CSI AND SECUNIA PSI: * AUTOMATED SCANNING http://secunia.com/vulnerability_scanning/personal/ http://secunia.com/vulnerability_scanning/corporate/wsus_sccm_3rd_third_party_patching/ DESCRIPTION: Multiple vulnerabilities have been reported in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliances (ASA), which can be exploited by malicious people to cause a DoS (Denial of Service). 1) An error exists in the UDP inspection engine due to improper flow handling and can be exploited to reload a device by sending a specially crafted sequence of UDP packets that transit the appliance. SOLUTION: Update to a fixed version (please see the vendor's advisory for details). PROVIDED AND/OR DISCOVERED BY: Reported by the vendor. ORIGINAL ADVISORY: Cisco: http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20120314-asa OTHER REFERENCES: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ DEEP LINKS: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXTENDED DESCRIPTION: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXTENDED SOLUTION: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXPLOIT: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- About: This Advisory was delivered by Secunia as a free service to help private users keeping their systems up to date against the latest vulnerabilities. Subscribe: http://secunia.com/advisories/secunia_security_advisories/ Definitions: (Criticality, Where etc.) http://secunia.com/advisories/about_secunia_advisories/ Please Note: Secunia recommends that you verify all advisories you receive by clicking the link. Secunia NEVER sends attached files with advisories. Secunia does not advise people to install third party patches, only use those supplied by the vendor. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Unsubscribe: Secunia Security Advisories http://secunia.com/sec_adv_unsubscribe/?email=packet%40packetstormsecurity.org ---------------------------------------------------------------------- . Cisco has released free software updates that address these vulnerabilities. Workarounds are available to mitigate some of the vulnerabilities. Affected versions of Cisco ASA Software will vary depending on the specific vulnerability. Consult the "Software Versions and Fixes" section of this security advisory for more information about the affected version. Cisco PIX Security Appliances may be affected by some of the vulnerabilities described in this security advisory. Cisco PIX has reached end of maintenance support. Vulnerable Products +------------------ For specific version information, refer to the "Software Versions and Fixes" section of this advisory. The following protocols are known to use the Cisco ASA UDP inspection engine: * Domain Name System (DNS) * Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) * Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) * GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) * H.323, H.225 RAS * Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) * SunRPC * Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) * X Display Manager Control Protocol (XDMCP) * IBM NetBios * Instant Messaging (depending on the particular IM client/solution being used) Note: UDP inspection engines may be enabled by default on Cisco ASA Software. Please consult your user guide for more information. The default inspected ports are listed at the following link: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/security/asa/asa84/configuration/guide/inspect_overview.html Note: The Cisco ASA UDP inspection can be applied to non-default UDP ports via class-map and policy-map commands. To determine whether any of the above inspections are enabled, issue the show service-policy | include <inspection engine name> command and confirm that the command returns output. The following example shows a Cisco ASA configured to inspect IBM NetBIOS traffic: ciscoasa# show service-policy | include netbios Inspect: netbios, packet 0, drop 0, reset-drop 0 Cisco ASA Threat Detection Denial of Service Vulnerability +--------------------------------------------------------- The Cisco ASA Threat Detection feature, when configured with the Scanning Threat Mode feature and with shun option enabled, contains a vulnerability that could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to trigger a reload of the Cisco ASA. This feature is not enabled by default. To determine whether the Cisco ASA Threat Detection with Scanning Threat feature and shun option is enabled, issue the show running-config threat-detection scanning-threat command and confirm that the returned output includes the shun option. Cisco ASA Syslog Message 305006 Denial of Service Vulnerability +-------------------------------------------------------------- A denial of service (DoS) vulnerability exists in the implementation of one specific system log (syslog) message (message ID 305006), that could cause a reload of the Cisco ASA if this syslog message needs to be generated. Syslog message ID 305006 is generated when the Cisco ASA is unable to create a network address translation for a new connection. Additional information regarding this syslog message can be found in the Cisco ASA System Log Messages guide at: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6120/products_system_message_guides_list.html Logging is not enabled by default on Cisco ASA, however, when logging is enabled, Cisco ASA will automatically enable syslog message 305006. Cisco ASA Software may be affected by this vulnerability if the following conditions are satisfied: * System logging is enabled and syslogs are configured to be sent to any syslog destination (including Buffer or ASDM for example) * Cisco ASA Software is configured in any way to generate syslog message 305006 Syslog message 305006 has a default severity level of 3 (errors). Cisco ASA Software configured for logging at Level 3 or higher (that is Levels 3 through 7) may be vulnerable. To verify if logging is enabled, issue the show logging command. The following example shows a Cisco ASA with logging enabled and buffer logging enabled at Level 6 (informational): ciscoasa# show logging Syslog logging: enabled Facility: 20 Timestamp logging: disabled Standby logging: disabled Debug-trace logging: disabled Console logging: disabled Monitor logging: disabled Buffer logging: level informational, 2 messages logged Trap logging: disabled Permit-hostdown logging: disabled History logging: disabled Device ID: disabled Mail logging: disabled ASDM logging: disabled Using a custom message list (created via the logging list command) that includes syslog message 305006, either by severity or by explicitly including the message ID, is also a vulnerable configuration. The default severity level of syslog messages can be changed. If the default severity level of syslog message 305006 is changed and the device is configured to log to any destination at the new severity level, the device is vulnerable. Note: This vulnerability was introduced after the implementation of the new Cisco ASA Identity Firewall (IDFW) feature. Protocol-Independent Multicast Denial of Service Vulnerability +------------------------------------------------------------- Cisco ASA Sofware is affected by a vulnerability that may cause affected devices to reload during the processing of Protocol-Indipendent Multicast (PIM) message when multicast routing is enabled. This feature is not enabled by default. To verify if PIM is enabled on an interface use the show pim interface command and verify that the state on appears under the PIM column. The following example shows PIM enabled on the interface outside but disabled on the interface inside: ciscoasa# show pim interface Address Interface PIM Nbr Hello DR DR Count Intvl Prior 192.168.1.1 outside on 0 30 1 this system 192.168.2.1 inside off 0 30 1 this system Note: Cisco ASA is vulnerable if at least one interface state is marked with on under the PIM column of the show pim interface command output. Determine the Running Software Version +------------------------------------- To determine whether a vulnerable version of Cisco ASA Software is running on an appliance, administrators can issue the show version command. Cisco PIX has reached end of maintenance support. Cisco PIX customers are encouraged to migrate to Cisco ASA. All versions of the Cisco PIX Security Appliances Software are affected by the Protocol-Independent Multicast Denial of Service Vulnerability. Details ======= The following section gives additional detail about each vulnerability. The vulnerability is due to improper flow handling by the inspection engine. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted sequence through the affected system. The following protocols are known to use UDP inspection engine: * Domain Name System (DNS) * Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) * Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) * GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) * H.323, H.225 RAS * Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) * SunRPC * Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) * X Display Manager Control Protocol (XDMCP) * IBM NetBios * Instant Messaging (depending on the particular IM client/solution being used) Inspection engines may be enabled by default on Cisco ASA Software. Please consult your user guide for more information. The default inspected ports are listed at the following link: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/security/asa/asa84/configuration/guide/inspect_overview.html#wp1536127 Note: Only transit traffic can be used to exploit this vulnerability. This vulnerability affects both routed and transparent firewall mode in both single and multi-context mode. This vulnerability can be triggered by IPv4 and IPv6 traffic. Only UDP traffic can trigger this vulnerability. Cisco ASA Threat Detection Denial of Service Vulnerability +--------------------------------------------------------- The Cisco ASA Threat Detection feature consists of different levels of statistics gathered for various threats, as well as scanning threat detection, which determines when a host is performing a scan. Optionally, you can shun any hosts that are determined to be a scanning threat. The Cisco ASA Threat Detection feature, when configured with the Cisco ASA Scanning Threat Mode feature and with the shun option enabled, contains a vulnerability that could allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to trigger a reload of the Cisco ASA. The vulnerability is due to improper handling of the internal flaw that is triggered by the shun event. An attacker may exploit this vulnerability by sending IP packets through the affected system in a way that triggers the shun option of Threat Detection scanning feature. Note: Only transit traffic can be used to exploit this vulnerability. This vulnerability affects both routed and transparent firewall mode only in single context mode. This vulnerability can be triggered by IPv4 and IPv6 traffic. Syslog messages are assigned different severities (including debugging, informational, error and critical, for example) and can be sent to different logging destinations. A denial of service vulnerability is in the implementation of one specific syslog message (message ID 305006), that can cause a reload of the Cisco ASA if this syslog message needs to be generated. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a sequence of packets that could trigger the generation of the syslog message. Syslog message ID 305006 is generated when the Cisco ASA is unable to create a network address translation for a new connection. Additional information about this syslog message can be found in the Cisco ASA System Log Messages guide: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6120/products_system_message_guides_list.html Note: Only transit traffic can be used to exploit this vulnerability. This vulnerability affects both routed and transparent firewall mode in both single and multi-context mode. This vulnerability can be triggered by IPv4 and IPv6 traffic. Protocol-Independent Multicast Denial of Service Vulnerability +------------------------------------------------------------- Multicast routing is a bandwidth-conserving technology that reduces traffic by simultaneously delivering a single stream of information to multiple recipients. Protocol-independent multicast (PIM) is a multicast routing protocol that is IP routing protocol-independent. PIM can leverage whatever unicast routing protocols are used to populate the unicast routing table, including EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, or static routes. PIM uses this unicast routing information to perform the multicast forwarding function, and is IP protocol-independent. Although PIM is called a multicast routing protocol, it actually uses the unicast routing table to perform the reverse path forwarding (RPF) check function instead of building a completely independent multicast routing table. PIM does not send or receive multicast routing updates between routers as do other routing protocols. A vulnerability exists in the way PIM is implemented that may cause affected devices to reload during the processing of a PIM message when multicast routing is enabled. The vulnerability is due to improper handling of a PIM message. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted PIM message to the affected system. Note: This vulnerability affects Cisco ASA configured only in routed firewall mode and only in single context mode. This vulnerability can be triggered only by IPv4 PIM message as PIM over IPv6 is currently not supported. Vulnerability Scoring Details ============================= Cisco has scored the vulnerabilities in this advisory based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). The CVSS scoring in this security advisory is in accordance with CVSS version 2.0. CVSS is a standards-based scoring method that conveys vulnerability severity and helps organizations determine the urgency and priority of a response. Cisco has provided a base and temporal score. Customers can also compute environmental scores that help determine the impact of the vulnerability in their own networks. Cisco has provided additional information regarding CVSS at the following link: http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/cvss-qandas.html Cisco has also provided a CVSS calculator to compute the environmental impact for individual networks at the following link: http://intellishield.cisco.com/security/alertmanager/cvss * CSCtq10441- UDP inspection engines denial of service vulnerability CVSS Base Score - 7.1 Access Vector - Network Access Complexity - Medium Authentication - None Confidentiality Impact - None Integrity Impact - None Availability Impact - Complete CVSS Temporal Score - 5.9 Exploitability - Functional Remediation Level - Official-Fix Report Confidence - Confirmed * CSCtw35765- Threat Detection Denial Of Service Vulnerability CVSS Base Score - 7.1 Access Vector - Network Access Complexity - Medium Authentication - None Confidentiality Impact - None Integrity Impact - None Availability Impact - Complete CVSS Temporal Score - 5.9 Exploitability - Functional Remediation Level - Official-Fix Report Confidence - Confirmed * CSCts39634 - Syslog Message 305006 Denial of Service Vulnerability CVSS Base Score - 7.8 Access Vector - Network Access Complexity - Low Authentication - None Confidentiality Impact - None Integrity Impact - None Availability Impact - Complete CVSS Temporal Score - 6.4 Exploitability - Functional Remediation Level - Official-Fix Report Confidence - Confirmed * CSCtr47517 - Protocol-Independent Multicast Denial of Service Vulnerability CVSS Base Score - 7.8 Access Vector - Network Access Complexity - Low Authentication - None Confidentiality Impact - None Integrity Impact - None Availability Impact - Complete CVSS Temporal Score - 6.4 Exploitability - Functional Remediation Level - Official-Fix Report Confidence - Confirmed Impact ====== Successful exploitation of any of the vulnerabilities described in this security advisory may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to reload the affected system. Software Versions and Fixes =========================== When considering software upgrades, customers are advised to consult the Cisco Security Advisories and Responses archive at: http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt Customers should review subsequent advisories to determine exposure and a complete upgrade solution. In all cases, customers should ensure that the devices to be upgraded contain sufficient memory and confirm that current hardware and software configurations will continue to be supported properly by the new release. If the information is not clear, customers are advised to contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) or their contracted maintenance providers. Protocol-Independent Multicast Denial of Service Vulnerability +------------------------------------------------------------- +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Vulnerability | Major | First Fixed | | | Release | Release | |-------------------------------------------+---------+-------------| | | 7.0 | Migrate to | | | | 7.2(5.7) | | |---------+-------------| | | 7.1 | Migrate to | | | | 7.2(5.7) | | |---------+-------------| | | 7.2 | 7.2(5.7) | | |---------+-------------| | | 8.0 | 8.0(5.27) | | |---------+-------------| | Protocol-Independent Multicast Denial of | 8.1 | 8.1(2.53) | |Service Vulnerability - CSCtr47517 |---------+-------------| | | 8.2 | 8.2(5.8) | | |---------+-------------| | | 8.3 | 8.3(2.25) | | |---------+-------------| | | 8.4 | 8.4(2.5) | | |---------+-------------| | | 8.5 | 8.5(1.2) | | |---------+-------------| | | 8.6 | Not | | | | Affected | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ Recommended Releases +------------------- The following table lists all recommended releases. These recommended releases contain the fixes for all vulnerabilities in this advisory. Cisco recommends upgrading to a release that is equal to or later than these recommended releases. Please note that some of these versions are interim versions and they can be found by expanding the Interim tab on the download page. Please note that some of these versions are interim versions and they can be found by expanding the Interim tab on the download page. Workarounds =========== The following section will detail the workaround if available for each vulnerability detailed in this security advisory. Cisco ASA Threat Detection Denial of Service Vulnerability +--------------------------------------------------------- If the shun option needs to be enabled, there are no workarounds that mitigate this vulnerability. However, if this option is not required, you can workaround this vulnerability by disabling this option. This can be done by issuing the no threat-detection scanning-threat shun command. The threat-detection scanning-threat command can be used afterwards to configure the feature without the shun option. To verify that the shun option has been correctly removed, issue the show running-config threat-detection scanning-threat command and confirm that the returned output does not show the shun option. The following example shows a Cisco ASA configured with the threat-detection scanning-threat feature without the shun option enabled: ciscoasa# show running-config threat-detection scanning-threat threat-detection scanning-threat Cisco ASA Syslog Message 305006 Denial of Service Vulnerability +-------------------------------------------------------------- A possible workaround is to prevent the Cisco ASA from generating the particular syslog message. This can be done by issuing the no logging message 305006 command. To verify that the message is not being generated issue show running-configuration logging command. The following example shows the output of the command when the logging of message 305006 is disabled: ciscoasa# show run logging [...] no logging message 305006 [...] Protocol-Independent Multicast Denial of Service Vulnerability +------------------------------------------------------------- If PIM is required to be enabled, then there are no workarounds that mitigate this vulnerability. However, if multicast routing is required but PIM is not used, PIM can be disabled on the Cisco ASA interfaces by issuing the no pim interface-level command. The following example shows the interface Ethernet0/0 on a Cisco ASA device with PIM disabled: interface Ethernet0/0 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 no pim To verify that PIM is disabled on all interfaces, issue the show pim interface command and make sure that for all interface the PIM state is set to off. ciscoasa# show pim interface Address Interface PIM Nbr Hello DR DR Count Intvl Prior 192.168.1.1 outside off 0 30 1 this system 192.168.2.1 inside off 0 30 1 this system Obtaining Fixed Software ======================== Cisco has released free software updates that address the vulnerabilities described in this advisory. Prior to deploying software, customers are advised to consult their maintenance providers or check the software for feature set compatibility and known issues that are specific to their environments. Customers may only install and expect support for feature sets they have purchased. By installing, downloading, accessing, or otherwise using such software upgrades, customers agree to follow the terms of the Cisco software license at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/warranty/English/EU1KEN_.html Or as set forth at: http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/sw-usingswc.shtml Do not contact psirt@cisco.com or security-alert@cisco.com for software upgrades. Customers with Service Contracts +------------------------------- Customers with contracts should obtain upgraded software through their regular update channels. For most customers, upgrades should be obtained through the Software Center on Cisco.com at http:// www.cisco.com. Customers Using Third-Party Support Organizations +------------------------------------------------ Customers with Cisco products that are provided or maintained through prior or existing agreements with third-party support organizations, such as Cisco Partners, authorized resellers, or service providers, should contact that organization for assistance with the appropriate course of action. The effectiveness of any workaround or fix depends on specific customer situations, such as product mix, network topology, traffic behavior, and organizational mission. Because of the variety of affected products and releases, customers should consult their service providers or support organizations to ensure that any applied workaround or fix is the most appropriate in the intended network before it is deployed Customers Without Service Contracts +---------------------------------- Customers who purchase directly from Cisco but do not hold a Cisco service contract and customers who make purchases through third-party vendors but are unsuccessful in obtaining fixed software through their point of sale should obtain upgrades by contacting the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC): * +1 800 553 2447 (toll free from within North America) * +1 408 526 7209 (toll call from anywhere in the world) * e-mail: tac@cisco.com Customers should have the product serial number available and be prepared to provide the URL of this advisory as evidence of entitlement to a free upgrade. Customers without service contracts should request free upgrades through the TAC. Refer to Cisco Worldwide Contacts at: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/support/tsd_cisco_worldwide_contacts.html For additional TAC contact information, including localized telephone numbers, instructions, and e-mail addresses for support in various languages. Exploitation and Public Announcements ===================================== The Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerabilities that are described in this advisory All the vulnerabilities described in this security advisory were found during internal testing or discovered during the resolution of customer support cases. Status of This Notice: Final ============================ THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND DOES NOT IMPLY ANY KIND OF GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. YOUR USE OF THE INFORMATION ON THE DOCUMENT OR MATERIALS LINKED FROM THE DOCUMENT IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. CISCO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE OR UPDATE THIS DOCUMENT AT ANY TIME. A stand-alone copy or Paraphrase of the text of this document that omits the distribution URL in the following section is an uncontrolled copy, and may lack important information or contain factual errors. Distribution ============ This advisory is posted on Cisco Security Intelligence Operations at the following link: http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20120314-asa Additionally, a text version of this advisory is clear signed with the Cisco PSIRT PGP key and circulated among the following e-mail addresses: * cust-security-announce@cisco.com * first-bulletins@lists.first.org * bugtraq@securityfocus.com * vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org * cisco@spot.colorado.edu * cisco-nsp@puck.nether.net * full-disclosure@lists.grok.org.uk Future updates of this advisory, if any, will reside on Cisco.com but may not be announced on mailing lists. Users can monitor this advisory's URL for any updates. Revision History ================ +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Revision 1.0 | 2012-March-14 | Initial Public Release | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ Cisco Security Procedures ========================= Complete information about reporting security vulnerabilities in Cisco products, obtaining assistance with security incidents, and registering to receive security information from Cisco is available on Cisco.com at: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.html This web page includes instructions for press inquiries regarding Cisco Security Advisories. All Cisco Security Advisories are available at: http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt +-------------------------------------------------------------------- Copyright 2010-2011 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. +-------------------------------------------------------------------- -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG/MacGPG2 v2.0.17 (Darwin) Comment: GPGTools - http://gpgtools.org iF4EAREIAAYFAk9gqDoACgkQQXnnBKKRMNARMQD/WQOf+nO2va97P54EDmGQpuXf 0Rm/exibVufqYdrI0/QA/jac0kP0z5zoPO2A9wZNoRjw7rY542auiuxbovqiYKGm =HXUs -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

AFFECTED PRODUCTS

CVSS

PROBLEMTYPE DATA

THREAT TYPE

remote

TYPE

input validation

CONFIGURATIONS

EXPLOIT AVAILABILITY

PATCH

EXTERNAL IDS

REFERENCES

CREDITS

Cisco

SOURCES

LAST UPDATE DATE

2024-11-23T21:55:50.033000+00:00

SOURCES UPDATE DATE

SOURCES RELEASE DATE