VARIoT IoT vulnerabilities database

Affected products: vendor, model and version
CWE format is 'CWE-number'. Threat type can be: remote or local
Look up free text in title and description

VAR-201208-0620 CVE-2012-2188 IBM HMC and SDMC Vulnerability gained in CVSS V2: 7.2
CVSS V3: -
Severity: HIGH
IBM Power Hardware Management Console (HMC) 7R3.5.0 before SP4, 7R7.1.0 and 7R7.2.0 before 7R7.2.0 SP3, and 7R7.3.0 before SP2, and Systems Director Management Console (SDMC) 6R7.3.0 before SP2, does not properly restrict the VIOS viosrvcmd command, which allows local users to gain privileges via vectors involving a (1) $ (dollar sign) or (2) & (ampersand) character. A local attacker may exploit this issue to execute arbitrary code with Local System privileges. Successful exploits will result in the complete compromise of affected computers. The vulnerability is caused by not properly restricting the VIOS viosrvcmd command
VAR-201208-0704 CVE-2012-1364 Cisco Unified Computing System Service disruption in ( Device reload ) Vulnerabilities CVSS V2: 4.0
CVSS V3: -
Severity: MEDIUM
Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) 1.4 and 2.0 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (device reload) via a malformed SNMP request to a Fabric Interconnect (FI) device, aka Bug ID CSCts32452. These issues are tracked by Cisco Bug IDs CSCts32452 and CSCts32463
VAR-201208-0705 CVE-2012-1365 Cisco Unified Computing System Service disruption in ( Device reload ) Vulnerabilities CVSS V2: 4.0
CVSS V3: -
Severity: MEDIUM
Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) 1.4 and 2.0 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (device reload) via a malformed SNMP request to a Fabric Interconnect (FI) device, aka Bug ID CSCts32463. These issues are tracked by Cisco Bug IDs CSCts32452 and CSCts32463
VAR-201208-0706 CVE-2012-1367 Cisco IOS of MallocLite Service disruption in implementations ( Route processor crash ) Vulnerabilities CVSS V2: 5.0
CVSS V3: -
Severity: MEDIUM
The MallocLite implementation in Cisco IOS 12.0, 12.2, 15.0, 15.1, and 15.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (Route Processor crash) via a BGP UPDATE message with a modified local-preference (aka LOCAL_PREF) attribute length, aka Bug ID CSCtq06538. Cisco IOS is a popular Internet operating system. Successfully exploiting this issue allows remote attackers to crash the affected device, denying service to legitimate users. This issue is being tracked by Cisco Bug ID CSCtq06538
VAR-201306-0210 CVE-2012-6571 Huawei of AR Vulnerability to hijack sessions in router and switch products CVSS V2: 7.5
CVSS V3: -
Severity: HIGH
The HTTP module in the (1) Branch Intelligent Management System (BIMS) and (2) web management components on Huawei AR routers and S2000, S3000, S3500, S3900, S5100, S5600, and S7800 switches uses predictable Session ID values, which makes it easier for remote attackers to hijack sessions via a brute-force attack. Huawei AR routers and Huawei S series switches are network devices of Huawei products. Conversation. An attacker can exploit this issue to gain unauthorized access to the affected device. Huawei Access Router (AR) is a low-end router product developed by Huawei in China. This product provides mobile and fixed network access methods, suitable for enterprise networks. Predictable session ID value
VAR-201306-0208 CVE-2012-6569 Huawei of AR Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in router and switch products CVSS V2: 9.3
CVSS V3: -
Severity: HIGH
Stack-based buffer overflow in the HTTP module in the (1) Branch Intelligent Management System (BIMS) and (2) web management components on Huawei AR routers and S2000, S3000, S3500, S3900, S5100, S5600, S7800, and S8500 switches allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long URI. Huawei AR routers and Huawei S series switches are network devices of Huawei products. Attackers may be able to execute arbitrary code in the context of the affected application. Failed exploit attempts will likely result in denial-of-service conditions. Huawei Access Router (AR) is a low-end router product developed by Huawei in China. This product provides mobile and fixed network access methods, suitable for enterprise networks
VAR-201208-0707 CVE-2012-1370 Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client Service disruption in (DoS) Vulnerabilities CVSS V2: 3.5
CVSS V3: -
Severity: LOW
Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client 3.0 before 3.0.08057 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (vpnagentd process crash) via a crafted packet, aka Bug ID CSCty01670. Successful exploitation of the issue will cause the application to crash, resulting in a denial-of-service condition. This issue is being monitored by Cisco BugId CSCty01670
VAR-201208-0382 CVE-2012-3449 Open vSwitch Vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion CVSS V2: 3.6
CVSS V3: -
Severity: LOW
Open vSwitch 1.4.2 uses world writable permissions for (1) /var/lib/openvswitch/pki/controllerca/incoming/ and (2) /var/lib/openvswitch/pki/switchca/incoming/, which allows local users to delete and overwrite arbitrary files. Note: This BID is being retired as a duplicate of BID 54789 (Debian 'openvswitch-pki' Package Multiple Insecure File Permissions Vulnerabilities). openvswitch-pki is prone to multiple insecure file-permission vulnerabilities. This may aid in further attacks. openvswitch-pki 1.4.2+git20120612-7 is vulnerable; other versions may be vulnerable. Open vSwitch (OVS) is a multi-layer virtual switch product based on open source technology (following the Apache2.0 license). It supports large-scale network automation, standard management interfaces and protocols, etc. through programming extensions. A vulnerability exists in Open vSwitch version 1.4.2 in /var/lib/openvswitch/pki/controllerca/incoming/ and /var/lib/openvswitch/pki/switchca/incoming/ due to the use of "Writable by everyone" "
VAR-201208-0739 CVE-2012-2648 GoodReader vulnerable to cross-site scripting CVSS V2: 4.3
CVSS V3: -
Severity: MEDIUM
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the GoodReader app 3.16 and earlier for iOS on the iPad, and 3.15.1 and earlier for iOS on the iPhone and iPod touch, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving use of this app in conjunction with a web browser. GoodReader contains a cross-site scripting vulnerability. GoodReader is a document reader for Apple mobile devices. GoodReader contains a cross-site scripting vulnerability. Keigo Yamazaki of LAC Co., Ltd. reported this vulnerability to IPA. JPCERT/CC coordinated with the developer under Information Security Early Warning Partnership.When GoodReader is used through a web browser, an arbitrary script may be executed on the user's web browser. An attacker may leverage this issue to execute arbitrary script code in the browser of an unsuspecting user in the context of the affected site. This may let the attacker steal cookie-based authentication credentials and launch other attacks. GoodReader 3.16 and prior versions for iPad are vulnerable. GoodReader 3.15.1 and prior versions for iPhone and iPod touch are vulnerable
VAR-201208-0205 CVE-2012-4145 Opera Vulnerability in CVSS V2: 10.0
CVSS V3: -
Severity: HIGH
Unspecified vulnerability in Opera before 12.01 on Windows and UNIX, and before 11.66 and 12.x before 12.01 on Mac OS X, has unknown impact and attack vectors, related to a "low severity issue.". Opera Contains vulnerabilities that are unspecified.It may be affected unspecified. Little is known about this issue or its effects at this time. We will update this BID as more information emerges. It supports multi-window browsing and a customizable user interface. Unidentified vulnerabilities exist in Opera versions prior to 12.01 on Windows and UNIX systems, Opera versions prior to 11.66 on Mac OS X-based systems, and Opera versions prior to 12.01. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gentoo Linux Security Advisory GLSA 201209-11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://security.gentoo.org/ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Severity: Normal Title: Opera: Multiple vulnerabilities Date: September 25, 2012 Bugs: #429478, #434584 ID: 201209-11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Synopsis ======== Multiple vulnerabilities have been found in Opera, the worst of which may allow remote execution of arbitrary code. Please review the CVE identifiers and Opera Release Notes referenced below for details. Impact ====== A remote attacker could entice a user to open a specially crafted web page using Opera, possibly resulting in execution of arbitrary code with the privileges of the process or a Denial of Service condition. Furthermore, a remote attacker may be able to trick a user into downloading and executing files, conduct Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks, spoof the address bar, or have other unspecified impact. Resolution ========== All Opera users should upgrade to the latest version: # emerge --sync # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose ">=www-client/opera-12.01.1532" References ========== [ 1 ] CVE-2012-4010 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4010 [ 2 ] CVE-2012-4142 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4142 [ 3 ] CVE-2012-4143 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4143 [ 4 ] CVE-2012-4144 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4144 [ 5 ] CVE-2012-4145 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4145 [ 6 ] CVE-2012-4146 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4146 [ 7 ] Opera 12.01 for UNIX changelog http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/unix/1201/ Availability ============ This GLSA and any updates to it are available for viewing at the Gentoo Security Website: http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201209-11.xml Concerns? ========= Security is a primary focus of Gentoo Linux and ensuring the confidentiality and security of our users' machines is of utmost importance to us. Any security concerns should be addressed to security@gentoo.org or alternatively, you may file a bug at https://bugs.gentoo.org. License ======= Copyright 2012 Gentoo Foundation, Inc; referenced text belongs to its owner(s). The contents of this document are licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution / Share Alike license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5
VAR-201208-0204 CVE-2012-4144 Opera Vulnerable to cross-site scripting protection mechanisms CVSS V2: 4.3
CVSS V3: -
Severity: MEDIUM
Opera before 12.01 on Windows and UNIX, and before 11.66 and 12.x before 12.01 on Mac OS X, does not properly escape characters in DOM elements, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass cross-site scripting (XSS) protection mechanisms via a crafted HTML document. Opera Web Browser is prone to a security-bypass vulnerability. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to bypass the cross-site scripting sanitizer. Successful exploits may allow attackers to execute arbitrary script code and steal cookie-based authentication credentials. Opera Web Browser versions prior to 12.01 and 11.66 are vulnerable. It supports multi-window browsing and a customizable user interface. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gentoo Linux Security Advisory GLSA 201209-11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://security.gentoo.org/ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Severity: Normal Title: Opera: Multiple vulnerabilities Date: September 25, 2012 Bugs: #429478, #434584 ID: 201209-11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Synopsis ======== Multiple vulnerabilities have been found in Opera, the worst of which may allow remote execution of arbitrary code. Affected packages ================= ------------------------------------------------------------------- Package / Vulnerable / Unaffected ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 www-client/opera < 12.01.1532 >= 12.01.1532 Description =========== Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Opera. Please review the CVE identifiers and Opera Release Notes referenced below for details. Impact ====== A remote attacker could entice a user to open a specially crafted web page using Opera, possibly resulting in execution of arbitrary code with the privileges of the process or a Denial of Service condition. Furthermore, a remote attacker may be able to trick a user into downloading and executing files, conduct Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks, spoof the address bar, or have other unspecified impact. Workaround ========== There is no known workaround at this time. Resolution ========== All Opera users should upgrade to the latest version: # emerge --sync # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose ">=www-client/opera-12.01.1532" References ========== [ 1 ] CVE-2012-4010 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4010 [ 2 ] CVE-2012-4142 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4142 [ 3 ] CVE-2012-4143 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4143 [ 4 ] CVE-2012-4144 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4144 [ 5 ] CVE-2012-4145 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4145 [ 6 ] CVE-2012-4146 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4146 [ 7 ] Opera 12.01 for UNIX changelog http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/unix/1201/ Availability ============ This GLSA and any updates to it are available for viewing at the Gentoo Security Website: http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201209-11.xml Concerns? ========= Security is a primary focus of Gentoo Linux and ensuring the confidentiality and security of our users' machines is of utmost importance to us. Any security concerns should be addressed to security@gentoo.org or alternatively, you may file a bug at https://bugs.gentoo.org. License ======= Copyright 2012 Gentoo Foundation, Inc; referenced text belongs to its owner(s). The contents of this document are licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution / Share Alike license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5
VAR-201208-0203 CVE-2012-4143 Opera Vulnerabilities that allow arbitrary files to be downloaded and executed CVSS V2: 6.8
CVSS V3: -
Severity: MEDIUM
Opera before 12.01 on Windows and UNIX, and before 11.66 and 12.x before 12.01 on Mac OS X, allows user-assisted remote attackers to trick users into downloading and executing arbitrary files via a small window for the download dialog, a different vulnerability than CVE-2012-1924. Opera Web Browser is prone to a remote code-execution vulnerability. An attacker can exploit this issue to execute arbitrary code in the context of the application or cause denial-of-service conditions. Opera versions prior to 12.01 are vulnerable. It supports multi-window browsing and a customizable user interface. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gentoo Linux Security Advisory GLSA 201209-11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://security.gentoo.org/ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Severity: Normal Title: Opera: Multiple vulnerabilities Date: September 25, 2012 Bugs: #429478, #434584 ID: 201209-11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Synopsis ======== Multiple vulnerabilities have been found in Opera, the worst of which may allow remote execution of arbitrary code. Affected packages ================= ------------------------------------------------------------------- Package / Vulnerable / Unaffected ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 www-client/opera < 12.01.1532 >= 12.01.1532 Description =========== Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Opera. Please review the CVE identifiers and Opera Release Notes referenced below for details. Impact ====== A remote attacker could entice a user to open a specially crafted web page using Opera, possibly resulting in execution of arbitrary code with the privileges of the process or a Denial of Service condition. Workaround ========== There is no known workaround at this time. Resolution ========== All Opera users should upgrade to the latest version: # emerge --sync # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose ">=www-client/opera-12.01.1532" References ========== [ 1 ] CVE-2012-4010 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4010 [ 2 ] CVE-2012-4142 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4142 [ 3 ] CVE-2012-4143 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4143 [ 4 ] CVE-2012-4144 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4144 [ 5 ] CVE-2012-4145 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4145 [ 6 ] CVE-2012-4146 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4146 [ 7 ] Opera 12.01 for UNIX changelog http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/unix/1201/ Availability ============ This GLSA and any updates to it are available for viewing at the Gentoo Security Website: http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201209-11.xml Concerns? ========= Security is a primary focus of Gentoo Linux and ensuring the confidentiality and security of our users' machines is of utmost importance to us. Any security concerns should be addressed to security@gentoo.org or alternatively, you may file a bug at https://bugs.gentoo.org. License ======= Copyright 2012 Gentoo Foundation, Inc; referenced text belongs to its owner(s). The contents of this document are licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution / Share Alike license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5
VAR-201208-0202 CVE-2012-4142 Opera Web Browser HTML Injection Vulnerability CVSS V2: 4.3
CVSS V3: -
Severity: MEDIUM
Opera before 12.01 on Windows and UNIX, and before 11.66 and 12.x before 12.01 on Mac OS X, ignores some characters in HTML documents in unspecified circumstances, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via a crafted document. Opera Web Browser is prone to a HTML-injection vulnerability because it fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input. Successful exploits will allow attacker-supplied HTML and script code to run in the context of the affected browser, potentially allowing the attacker to steal cookie-based authentication credentials or to control how the site is rendered to the user. Other attacks are also possible. Opera Web Browser versions prior to 12.01 and 11.66 are vulnerable. It supports multi-window browsing and a customizable user interface. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gentoo Linux Security Advisory GLSA 201209-11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://security.gentoo.org/ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Severity: Normal Title: Opera: Multiple vulnerabilities Date: September 25, 2012 Bugs: #429478, #434584 ID: 201209-11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Synopsis ======== Multiple vulnerabilities have been found in Opera, the worst of which may allow remote execution of arbitrary code. Affected packages ================= ------------------------------------------------------------------- Package / Vulnerable / Unaffected ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 www-client/opera < 12.01.1532 >= 12.01.1532 Description =========== Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Opera. Please review the CVE identifiers and Opera Release Notes referenced below for details. Impact ====== A remote attacker could entice a user to open a specially crafted web page using Opera, possibly resulting in execution of arbitrary code with the privileges of the process or a Denial of Service condition. Workaround ========== There is no known workaround at this time. Resolution ========== All Opera users should upgrade to the latest version: # emerge --sync # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose ">=www-client/opera-12.01.1532" References ========== [ 1 ] CVE-2012-4010 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4010 [ 2 ] CVE-2012-4142 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4142 [ 3 ] CVE-2012-4143 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4143 [ 4 ] CVE-2012-4144 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4144 [ 5 ] CVE-2012-4145 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4145 [ 6 ] CVE-2012-4146 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-4146 [ 7 ] Opera 12.01 for UNIX changelog http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/unix/1201/ Availability ============ This GLSA and any updates to it are available for viewing at the Gentoo Security Website: http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201209-11.xml Concerns? ========= Security is a primary focus of Gentoo Linux and ensuring the confidentiality and security of our users' machines is of utmost importance to us. Any security concerns should be addressed to security@gentoo.org or alternatively, you may file a bug at https://bugs.gentoo.org. License ======= Copyright 2012 Gentoo Foundation, Inc; referenced text belongs to its owner(s). The contents of this document are licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution / Share Alike license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5
VAR-201208-0695 CVE-2012-1339 Cisco Unified Computing System Service disruption in ( Process crash ) Vulnerabilities CVSS V2: 5.0
CVSS V3: -
Severity: MEDIUM
The Fabric Interconnect component in Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) 2.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process crash) via an attempted SSH session, aka Bug ID CSCtt94543. An attacker can exploit this issue to cause the SSHD process to crash resulting in a denial-of-service condition. This issue is tracked by Cisco Bug ID CSCtt94543
VAR-201208-0350 CVE-2012-3020 Siemens Synco OZW Unsafe Default Password Vulnerability CVSS V2: 7.5
CVSS V3: -
Severity: HIGH
The Siemens Synco OZW Web Server devices OZW672.*, OZW772.*, and OZW775 with firmware before 4 have an unspecified default password, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain administrative access via a network session. Siemens Synco OZW equipment is used to remotely operate and monitor building automation equipment. There is a default administrator password for Siemens Synco OZW. There is no mandatory password change during application installation, and an attacker can use this password to gain control over the application. Siemens Synco OZW is prone to an insecure-default-password vulnerability
VAR-201408-0006 CVE-2011-2593 Citrix Access Gateway Enterprise Edition Plug-in for Windows of nsepacom ActiveX Control StartEpa Method integer overflow vulnerability CVSS V2: 6.8
CVSS V3: -
Severity: MEDIUM
Integer overflow in the StartEpa method in the nsepacom ActiveX control (nsepa.exe) in Citrix Access Gateway Enterprise Edition Plug-in for Windows 9.x before 9.3-57.5 and 10.0 before 10.0-69.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Content-Length HTTP header, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow. Citrix Access Gateway is a universal SSL VPN device. The attacker can Exploit a heap-based buffer overflow, possibly executing arbitrary code in the context of an application. Failed exploit attempts will likely result in denial-of-service conditions. that provides secure access to virtual desktops and applications. NOTE: Other versions may also be affected. Successful exploitation may allow execution of arbitrary code. ====================================================================== 5) Solution No official solution is currently available. ====================================================================== 6) Time Table 19/07/2011 - Vendor notified. 21/07/2011 - Vendor response. 20/01/2012 - Requested status update. 08/02/2012 - Vendor response, fix not scheduled. 09/05/2012 - Requested status update. 09/05/2012 - Vendor response, fix scheduled for June. 03/07/2012 - Requested status update. 21/07/2012 - Vendor response, fix delayed. 01/08/2012 - Public disclosure. ====================================================================== 7) Credits Discovered by Dmitriy Pletnev, Secunia Research. ====================================================================== 8) References The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) project has assigned CVE-2011-2593 for the vulnerability. ====================================================================== 9) About Secunia Secunia offers vulnerability management solutions to corporate customers with verified and reliable vulnerability intelligence relevant to their specific system configuration: http://secunia.com/advisories/business_solutions/ Secunia also provides a publicly accessible and comprehensive advisory database as a service to the security community and private individuals, who are interested in or concerned about IT-security. http://secunia.com/advisories/ Secunia believes that it is important to support the community and to do active vulnerability research in order to aid improving the security and reliability of software in general: http://secunia.com/secunia_research/ Secunia regularly hires new skilled team members. Check the URL below to see currently vacant positions: http://secunia.com/corporate/jobs/ Secunia offers a FREE mailing list called Secunia Security Advisories: http://secunia.com/advisories/mailing_lists/ ====================================================================== 10) Verification Please verify this advisory by visiting the Secunia website: http://secunia.com/secunia_research/2012-26/ Complete list of vulnerability reports published by Secunia Research: http://secunia.com/secunia_research/ ====================================================================== . ---------------------------------------------------------------------- We are millions! Join us to protect all Pc's Worldwide. The vulnerabilities are confirmed in version 9.3.49.5. ORIGINAL ADVISORY: Secunia Research: http://secunia.com/secunia_research/2012-26/ http://secunia.com/secunia_research/2012-27/ OTHER REFERENCES: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ DEEP LINKS: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXTENDED DESCRIPTION: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXTENDED SOLUTION: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXPLOIT: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- About: This Advisory was delivered by Secunia as a free service to help private users keeping their systems up to date against the latest vulnerabilities. Subscribe: http://secunia.com/advisories/secunia_security_advisories/ Definitions: (Criticality, Where etc.) http://secunia.com/advisories/about_secunia_advisories/ Please Note: Secunia recommends that you verify all advisories you receive by clicking the link. Secunia NEVER sends attached files with advisories. Secunia does not advise people to install third party patches, only use those supplied by the vendor. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Unsubscribe: Secunia Security Advisories http://secunia.com/sec_adv_unsubscribe/?email=packet%40packetstormsecurity.org ----------------------------------------------------------------------
VAR-201406-0006 CVE-2011-2592 Citrix Access Gateway Enterprise Edition Plug-in for Windows Heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability CVSS V2: 9.3
CVSS V3: -
Severity: HIGH
Heap-based buffer overflow in the StartEpa method in the nsepacom ActiveX control (nsepa.exe) in Citrix Access Gateway Enterprise Edition Plug-in for Windows 9.x before 9.3-57.5 and 10.0 before 10.0-69.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long CSEC HTTP response header. Citrix Access Gateway is a universal SSL VPN device. Attackers can exploit the vulnerability. Performing a heap-based buffer overflow may execute arbitrary code in the application context. Failed exploit attempts will likely result in denial-of-service conditions. that provides secure access to virtual desktops and applications. NOTE: Other versions may also be affected. Successful exploitation allows execution of arbitrary code. ====================================================================== 5) Solution No official solution is currently available. ====================================================================== 6) Time Table 19/07/2011 - Vendor notified. 21/07/2011 - Vendor response. 20/01/2012 - Requested status update. 08/02/2012 - Vendor response, fix not scheduled. 09/05/2012 - Requested status update. 09/05/2012 - Vendor response, fix scheduled for June. 03/07/2012 - Requested status update. 21/07/2012 - Vendor response, fix delayed. 01/08/2012 - Public disclosure. ====================================================================== 7) Credits Discovered by Dmitriy Pletnev, Secunia Research. ====================================================================== 8) References The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) project has assigned CVE-2011-2592 for the vulnerability. ====================================================================== 9) About Secunia Secunia offers vulnerability management solutions to corporate customers with verified and reliable vulnerability intelligence relevant to their specific system configuration: http://secunia.com/advisories/business_solutions/ Secunia also provides a publicly accessible and comprehensive advisory database as a service to the security community and private individuals, who are interested in or concerned about IT-security. http://secunia.com/advisories/ Secunia believes that it is important to support the community and to do active vulnerability research in order to aid improving the security and reliability of software in general: http://secunia.com/secunia_research/ Secunia regularly hires new skilled team members. Check the URL below to see currently vacant positions: http://secunia.com/corporate/jobs/ Secunia offers a FREE mailing list called Secunia Security Advisories: http://secunia.com/advisories/mailing_lists/ ====================================================================== 10) Verification Please verify this advisory by visiting the Secunia website: http://secunia.com/secunia_research/2012-27/ Complete list of vulnerability reports published by Secunia Research: http://secunia.com/secunia_research/ ====================================================================== . ---------------------------------------------------------------------- We are millions! Join us to protect all Pc's Worldwide. The vulnerabilities are confirmed in version 9.3.49.5. ORIGINAL ADVISORY: Secunia Research: http://secunia.com/secunia_research/2012-26/ http://secunia.com/secunia_research/2012-27/ OTHER REFERENCES: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ DEEP LINKS: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXTENDED DESCRIPTION: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXTENDED SOLUTION: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXPLOIT: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- About: This Advisory was delivered by Secunia as a free service to help private users keeping their systems up to date against the latest vulnerabilities. Subscribe: http://secunia.com/advisories/secunia_security_advisories/ Definitions: (Criticality, Where etc.) http://secunia.com/advisories/about_secunia_advisories/ Please Note: Secunia recommends that you verify all advisories you receive by clicking the link. Secunia NEVER sends attached files with advisories. Secunia does not advise people to install third party patches, only use those supplied by the vendor. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Unsubscribe: Secunia Security Advisories http://secunia.com/sec_adv_unsubscribe/?email=packet%40packetstormsecurity.org ----------------------------------------------------------------------
VAR-201208-0225 CVE-2012-4344 IPswitch WhatsUp Gold contains multiple XSS vulnerabilities and a SQLi CVSS V2: 4.3
CVSS V3: -
Severity: MEDIUM
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Ipswitch WhatsUp Gold 15.02 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors involving the SNMP system name of the attacking host. IPSwitch's WhatsUp Gold version 16.3, and possibly previous versions, is vulnerable to SQL injection and cross-site scripting attacks. Ipswitch WhatsUp Gold is a set of unified infrastructure and application monitoring software from Ipswitch in the United States. The software supports the performance management of networks, servers, virtual environments and applications. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- We are millions! Join us to protect all Pc's Worldwide. Download the new Secunia PSI 3.0 available in 5 languages and share it with your friends: http://secunia.com/psi ---------------------------------------------------------------------- TITLE: Ipswitch WhatsUp Gold "sGroupList" SQL Injection Vulnerability SECUNIA ADVISORY ID: SA50002 VERIFY ADVISORY: Secunia.com http://secunia.com/advisories/50002/ Customer Area (Credentials Required) https://ca.secunia.com/?page=viewadvisory&vuln_id=50002 RELEASE DATE: 2012-07-31 DISCUSS ADVISORY: http://secunia.com/advisories/50002/#comments AVAILABLE ON SITE AND IN CUSTOMER AREA: * Last Update * Popularity * Comments * Criticality Level * Impact * Where * Solution Status * Operating System / Software * CVE Reference(s) http://secunia.com/advisories/50002/ ONLY AVAILABLE IN CUSTOMER AREA: * Authentication Level * Report Reliability * Secunia PoC * Secunia Analysis * Systems Affected * Approve Distribution * Remediation Status * Secunia CVSS Score * CVSS https://ca.secunia.com/?page=viewadvisory&vuln_id=50002 ONLY AVAILABLE WITH SECUNIA CSI AND SECUNIA PSI: * AUTOMATED SCANNING http://secunia.com/vulnerability_scanning/personal/ http://secunia.com/vulnerability_scanning/corporate/wsus_sccm_3rd_third_party_patching/ DESCRIPTION: A vulnerability has been reported in Ipswitch WhatsUp Gold, which can be exploited by malicious people to conduct SQL injection attacks. Input passed via the "sGroupList" parameter to NmConsole/Reports/Workspace/Virtualization/WrVMwareHostList/WrVMwareHostList.asp is not properly sanitised before being used in a SQL query. This can be exploited to manipulate SQL queries by injecting arbitrary SQL code. The vulnerability is reported in version 15.02. Other versions may also be affected. SOLUTION: No official solution is currently available. PROVIDED AND/OR DISCOVERED BY: muts, Offensive Security. ORIGINAL ADVISORY: http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/20035/ OTHER REFERENCES: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ DEEP LINKS: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXTENDED DESCRIPTION: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXTENDED SOLUTION: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXPLOIT: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- About: This Advisory was delivered by Secunia as a free service to help private users keeping their systems up to date against the latest vulnerabilities. Subscribe: http://secunia.com/advisories/secunia_security_advisories/ Definitions: (Criticality, Where etc.) http://secunia.com/advisories/about_secunia_advisories/ Please Note: Secunia recommends that you verify all advisories you receive by clicking the link. Secunia NEVER sends attached files with advisories. Secunia does not advise people to install third party patches, only use those supplied by the vendor. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Unsubscribe: Secunia Security Advisories http://secunia.com/sec_adv_unsubscribe/?email=packet%40packetstormsecurity.org ----------------------------------------------------------------------
VAR-201208-0948 No CVE Multiple vulnerabilities in Citrix Access Gateway CVSS V2: -
CVSS V3: -
Severity: -
Citrix Access Gateway is an SSL VPN that provides secure remote access to virtual desktops and applications. There are multiple security vulnerabilities in the implementation of Citrix Access Gateway. It can be exploited to read arbitrary files through directory traversal sequences, reveal sensitive information and perform spoofing attacks. 1) Some inputs are not properly validated before being used to read a file and can be utilized by a directory traversal sequence. 2) An unknown detail error may allow the gateway to act as a public proxy server. 3) Unknown details errors can be exploited to inject text content. This may aid in further attacks. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- We are millions! Join us to protect all Pc's Worldwide. Download the new Secunia PSI 3.0 available in 5 languages and share it with your friends: http://secunia.com/psi ---------------------------------------------------------------------- TITLE: Citrix Access Gateway Multiple Vulnerabilities SECUNIA ADVISORY ID: SA50140 VERIFY ADVISORY: Secunia.com http://secunia.com/advisories/50140/ Customer Area (Credentials Required) https://ca.secunia.com/?page=viewadvisory&vuln_id=50140 RELEASE DATE: 2012-08-02 DISCUSS ADVISORY: http://secunia.com/advisories/50140/#comments AVAILABLE ON SITE AND IN CUSTOMER AREA: * Last Update * Popularity * Comments * Criticality Level * Impact * Where * Solution Status * Operating System / Software * CVE Reference(s) http://secunia.com/advisories/50140/ ONLY AVAILABLE IN CUSTOMER AREA: * Authentication Level * Report Reliability * Secunia PoC * Secunia Analysis * Systems Affected * Approve Distribution * Remediation Status * Secunia CVSS Score * CVSS https://ca.secunia.com/?page=viewadvisory&vuln_id=50140 ONLY AVAILABLE WITH SECUNIA CSI AND SECUNIA PSI: * AUTOMATED SCANNING http://secunia.com/vulnerability_scanning/personal/ http://secunia.com/vulnerability_scanning/corporate/wsus_sccm_3rd_third_party_patching/ DESCRIPTION: Multiple vulnerabilities have been reported in Citrix Access Gateway, which can be exploited by malicious people to disclose potentially sensitive information, manipulate certain data, and conduct spoofing attacks. The vulnerabilities are reported in versions 5.0 through 5.0.4. SOLUTION: Apply patches. PROVIDED AND/OR DISCOVERED BY: Reported by the vendor. ORIGINAL ADVISORY: http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX133648 OTHER REFERENCES: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ DEEP LINKS: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXTENDED DESCRIPTION: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXTENDED SOLUTION: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXPLOIT: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- About: This Advisory was delivered by Secunia as a free service to help private users keeping their systems up to date against the latest vulnerabilities. Subscribe: http://secunia.com/advisories/secunia_security_advisories/ Definitions: (Criticality, Where etc.) http://secunia.com/advisories/about_secunia_advisories/ Please Note: Secunia recommends that you verify all advisories you receive by clicking the link. Secunia NEVER sends attached files with advisories. Secunia does not advise people to install third party patches, only use those supplied by the vendor. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Unsubscribe: Secunia Security Advisories http://secunia.com/sec_adv_unsubscribe/?email=packet%40packetstormsecurity.org ----------------------------------------------------------------------
VAR-201208-0340 CVE-2012-2858 Google Chrome of WebP Buffer overflow vulnerability in decoder CVSS V2: 6.8
CVSS V3: -
Severity: MEDIUM
Buffer overflow in the WebP decoder in Google Chrome before 21.0.1180.57 on Mac OS X and Linux, and before 21.0.1180.60 on Windows and Chrome Frame, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted WebP image. Google Chrome is prone to multiple vulnerabilities. Attackers can exploit these issues to execute arbitrary code in the context of the browser, bypass security restrictions, or cause denial-of-service conditions; other attacks may also be possible. Versions prior to Chrome 21.0.1180.57 and 21.0.1180.60 are vulnerable. Google Chrome is a web browser developed by Google (Google). ---------------------------------------------------------------------- We are millions! Join us to protect all Pc's Worldwide. Download the new Secunia PSI 3.0 available in 5 languages and share it with your friends: http://secunia.com/psi ---------------------------------------------------------------------- TITLE: Google Chrome Multiple Vulnerabilities SECUNIA ADVISORY ID: SA50105 VERIFY ADVISORY: Secunia.com http://secunia.com/advisories/50105/ Customer Area (Credentials Required) https://ca.secunia.com/?page=viewadvisory&vuln_id=50105 RELEASE DATE: 2012-08-01 DISCUSS ADVISORY: http://secunia.com/advisories/50105/#comments AVAILABLE ON SITE AND IN CUSTOMER AREA: * Last Update * Popularity * Comments * Criticality Level * Impact * Where * Solution Status * Operating System / Software * CVE Reference(s) http://secunia.com/advisories/50105/ ONLY AVAILABLE IN CUSTOMER AREA: * Authentication Level * Report Reliability * Secunia PoC * Secunia Analysis * Systems Affected * Approve Distribution * Remediation Status * Secunia CVSS Score * CVSS https://ca.secunia.com/?page=viewadvisory&vuln_id=50105 ONLY AVAILABLE WITH SECUNIA CSI AND SECUNIA PSI: * AUTOMATED SCANNING http://secunia.com/vulnerability_scanning/personal/ http://secunia.com/vulnerability_scanning/corporate/wsus_sccm_3rd_third_party_patching/ DESCRIPTION: Multiple vulnerabilities have been reported in Google Chrome, where some have an unknown impact and others can be exploited by malicious people to bypass certain security restrictions and compromise a user's system. 1) An error when handling renders can be exploited to bypass the cross-process policy and cause interference. NOTE: This vulnerability affect the Linux platform only. 2) The application does not properly re-prompt the user when downloading multiple files and can be exploited to trick the user into downloading a malicious file. 3) An error when handling drag and drop events can be exploited to access certain restricted files. 4) Multiple errors exist within the PDF viewer. No further information is currently available. 5) Multiple integer overflow errors exist within the PDF viewer. 6) A use-after-free error exists when handling object linkage in PDFs. 7) An error within the "webRequest" module can be exploited to cause interference with the Chrome Web Store. 8) A use-after-free error exists within the PDF viewer. 9) An out-of-bounds write error exists within the PDF viewer. 10) A use-after-free error exits when handling CSS DOM objects. 11) An error within the WebP decoder can be exploited to cause a buffer overflow. 12) An unspecified error exists within tab handling. NOTE: This vulnerability affect the Linux platform only. 13) An out-of-bounds access error exists when clicking in date picker. SOLUTION: Upgrade to a fixed version. Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ PROVIDED AND/OR DISCOVERED BY: The vendor credits: 1) Julien Tinnes, Google Chrome Security Team 2, 3) Matt Austin, Aspect Security 4, 5, 8, 9) Mateusz Jurczyk and Gynvael Coldwind, Google Security Team 6) Alexey Samsonov, Google 7) Trev, Adblock 10) Arthur Gerkis 11) J\xfcri Aedla 12) Jeff Roberts, Google Security Team 13) Chamal de Silva ORIGINAL ADVISORY: googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2012/07/stable-channel-release.html OTHER REFERENCES: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ DEEP LINKS: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXTENDED DESCRIPTION: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXTENDED SOLUTION: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ EXPLOIT: Further details available in Customer Area: http://secunia.com/vulnerability_intelligence/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- About: This Advisory was delivered by Secunia as a free service to help private users keeping their systems up to date against the latest vulnerabilities. Subscribe: http://secunia.com/advisories/secunia_security_advisories/ Definitions: (Criticality, Where etc.) http://secunia.com/advisories/about_secunia_advisories/ Please Note: Secunia recommends that you verify all advisories you receive by clicking the link. Secunia NEVER sends attached files with advisories. Secunia does not advise people to install third party patches, only use those supplied by the vendor. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Unsubscribe: Secunia Security Advisories http://secunia.com/sec_adv_unsubscribe/?email=packet%40packetstormsecurity.org ---------------------------------------------------------------------- . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gentoo Linux Security Advisory GLSA 201208-03 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://security.gentoo.org/ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Severity: Normal Title: Chromium: Multiple vulnerabilities Date: August 14, 2012 Bugs: #423719, #426204, #429174 ID: 201208-03 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Synopsis ======== Multiple vulnerabilities have been reported in Chromium, some of which may allow execution of arbitrary code. Background ========== Chromium is an open source web browser project. Affected packages ================= ------------------------------------------------------------------- Package / Vulnerable / Unaffected ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 www-client/chromium < 21.0.1180.57 >= 21.0.1180.57 Description =========== Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Chromium. Please review the CVE identifiers and release notes referenced below for details. Impact ====== A remote attacker could entice a user to open a specially crafted web site using Chromium, possibly resulting in the execution of arbitrary code with the privileges of the process, a Denial of Service condition, disclosure of sensitive information, or other unspecified impact. Workaround ========== There is no known workaround at this time. Resolution ========== All Chromium users should upgrade to the latest version: # emerge --sync # emerge --ask --oneshot -v ">=www-client/chromium-21.0.1180.57" References ========== [ 1 ] CVE-2012-2815 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2815 [ 2 ] CVE-2012-2817 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2817 [ 3 ] CVE-2012-2818 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2818 [ 4 ] CVE-2012-2819 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2819 [ 5 ] CVE-2012-2820 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2820 [ 6 ] CVE-2012-2821 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2821 [ 7 ] CVE-2012-2823 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2823 [ 8 ] CVE-2012-2824 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2824 [ 9 ] CVE-2012-2825 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2825 [ 10 ] CVE-2012-2826 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2826 [ 11 ] CVE-2012-2829 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2829 [ 12 ] CVE-2012-2830 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2830 [ 13 ] CVE-2012-2831 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2831 [ 14 ] CVE-2012-2834 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2834 [ 15 ] CVE-2012-2842 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2842 [ 16 ] CVE-2012-2843 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2843 [ 17 ] CVE-2012-2846 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2846 [ 18 ] CVE-2012-2847 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2847 [ 19 ] CVE-2012-2848 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2848 [ 20 ] CVE-2012-2849 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2849 [ 21 ] CVE-2012-2853 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2853 [ 22 ] CVE-2012-2854 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2854 [ 23 ] CVE-2012-2857 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2857 [ 24 ] CVE-2012-2858 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2858 [ 25 ] CVE-2012-2859 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2859 [ 26 ] CVE-2012-2860 http://nvd.nist.gov/nvd.cfm?cvename=CVE-2012-2860 [ 27 ] Release Notes 20.0.1132.43 http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2012/06/stable-channel-update_26= .html [ 28 ] Release Notes 20.0.1132.57 http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2012/07/stable-channel-update.ht= ml [ 29 ] Release Notes 21.0.1180.57 http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2012/07/stable-channel-release.h= tml Availability ============ This GLSA and any updates to it are available for viewing at the Gentoo Security Website: http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201208-03.xml Concerns? ========= Security is a primary focus of Gentoo Linux and ensuring the confidentiality and security of our users' machines is of utmost importance to us. Any security concerns should be addressed to security@gentoo.org or alternatively, you may file a bug at https://bugs.gentoo.org. License ======= Copyright 2012 Gentoo Foundation, Inc; referenced text belongs to its owner(s). The contents of this document are licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution / Share Alike license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5