VARIoT IoT vulnerabilities database
VAR-200406-0054 | CAN-2004-0615 | CNVD-2004-1751 |
CVSS V2: - CVSS V3: - Severity: - |
The D-Link DI-614 + SOHO router running in firmware 2.30 and the DI-704 SOHO router running in firmware 2.60B2 have vulnerabilities that could allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary scripts or HTML programs using the DHCP HOSTNAM option requested by DHCP. It is reported that the DI-614+, DI-704, and the DI-624 are susceptible to an HTML injection vulnerability in their DHCP log.
An attacker who has access to the wireless, or internal network segments of the router can craft malicious DHCP hostnames, that when sent to the router, will be logged for later viewing by the administrator of the device.
The injected HTML can be used to cause the administrator to make unintended changes to the configuration of the router. Other attacks may be possible.
Although only the DI-614+, DI-704, and the DI-624 are reported vulnerable, code reuse across devices is common and other products may also be affected
VAR-200408-0118 | CVE-2004-0495 | Linux Kernel Multiple Device Driver Vulnerabilities |
CVSS V2: 7.2 CVSS V3: - Severity: HIGH |
Multiple unknown vulnerabilities in Linux kernel 2.4 and 2.6 allow local users to gain privileges or access kernel memory, as found by the Sparse source code checking tool. The Linux kernel is reported prone to multiple device-driver issues. These issues were found during a recent audit of the Linux kernel source. Local attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities to elevate privileges or conduct denial-of-service attacks on the system. The affected device drivers are: aironet, asus_acpi, decnet, mpu401, msnd, and pss. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
______________________________________________________________________________
SUSE Security Announcement
Package: kernel
Announcement-ID: SUSE-SA:2004:020
Date: Tuesday, Jul 2nd 2004 18:00 MEST
Affected products: 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 9.0, 9.1
SUSE Linux Database Server,
SUSE eMail Server III, 3.1
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 7, 8
SUSE Linux Firewall on CD/Admin host
SUSE Linux Connectivity Server
SUSE Linux Office Server
Vulnerability Type: local privilege escalation
Severity (1-10): 6
SUSE default package: yes
Cross References: CAN-2004-0495
CAN-2004-0496
CAN-2004-0497
CAN-2004-0535
CAN-2004-0626
Content of this advisory:
1) security vulnerability resolved:
- chown: users can change the group affiliation of arbitrary
files to the group they belong to
- missing DAC check in chown(2): local privilege escalation
- overflow with signals: local denial-of-service
- pss, mpu401 sound driver: read/write to complete memory
- airo driver: read/write to complete memory
- ALSA: copy_from_user/copy_to_user confused
- acpi_asus: read from random memory
- decnet: write to memory without checking
- e1000 driver: read complete memory
problem description, discussion, solution and upgrade information
2) pending vulnerabilities, solutions, workarounds:
- icecast
- sitecopy
- cadaver
- OpenOffice_org
- tripwire
- postgresql*
- mod_proxy
- freeswan
- ipsec-tools
- less
- libpng
- pavuk
- XFree86*
- kdebase3
3) standard appendix (further information)
______________________________________________________________________________
1) problem description, brief discussion, solution, upgrade information
Multiple security vulnerabilities are being addressed with this security
update of the Linux kernel.
Kernel memory access vulnerabilities are fixed in the e1000, decnet,
acpi_asus, alsa, airo/WLAN, pss and mpu401 drivers. These
vulnerabilities can lead to kernel memory read access, write access
and local denial of service conditions, resulting in access to the
root account for an attacker with a local account on the affected
system.
Missing Discretionary Access Control (DAC) checks in the chown(2) system
call allow an attacker with a local account to change the group
ownership of arbitrary files, which leads to root privileges on affected
systems. An interesting variant of the missing
checks is that the ownership of files in the /proc filesystem can be
altered, while the changed ownership still does not allow the files to
be accessed as a non-root user for to be able to exploit the
vulnerability. Systems that are based on a version 2.4 kernel are not
vulnerable to the /proc weakness, and exploitation of the weakness
requires the use of the kernel NFS server (knfsd). If the knfsd NFS
server is not activated (it is off by default), the vulnerability is
not exposed.
The only network-related vulnerability fixed with the kernel updates
that are subject to this announcement affect the SUSE Linux 9.1
distribution only, as it is based on a 2.6 kernel. Found and reported
to bugtraq by Adam Osuchowski and Tomasz Dubinski, the vulnerability
allows a remote attacker to send a specially crafted TCP packet to a
vulnerable system, causing that system to stall if it makes use of
TCP option matching netfilter rules.
In some rare configurations of the SUSE Linux 9.1 distribution, some
users have experienced stalling systems during system startup. These
problems are fixed with this kernel update.
SPECIAL INSTALL INSTRUCTIONS:
==============================
For the impatient: Run YOU (Yast2 Online Update, command
"yast2 online_update" as root) to install the updates (semi)
automatically, if you have a SUSE Linux 8.1 and newer system.
For those who wish to install their kernel updates manually and for
those who use a SUSE Linux 8.0 system:
The following paragraphs will guide you through the installation
process in a step-by-step fashion. The character sequence "****"
marks the beginning of a new paragraph. In some cases, the steps
outlined in a particular paragraph may or may not be applicable
to your situation.
Therefore, please make sure to read through all of the steps below
before attempting any of these procedures.
All of the commands that need to be executed are required to be
run as the superuser (root). Each step relies on the steps before
it to complete successfully.
**** Step 1: Determine the needed kernel type
Please use the following command to find the kernel type that is
installed on your system:
rpm -qf /boot/vmlinuz
Following are the possible kernel types (disregard the version and
build number following the name separated by the "-" character)
k_deflt # default kernel, good for most systems.
k_i386 # kernel for older processors and chipsets
k_athlon # kernel made specifically for AMD Athlon(tm) family processors
k_psmp # kernel for Pentium-I dual processor systems
k_smp # kernel for SMP systems (Pentium-II and above)
k_smp4G # kernel for SMP systems which supports a maximum of 4G of RAM
kernel-64k-pagesize
kernel-bigsmp
kernel-default
kernel-smp
**** Step 2: Download the package for your system
Please download the kernel RPM package for your distribution with the
name as indicated by Step 1. The list of all kernel rpm packages is
appended below. Note: The kernel-source package does not
contain a binary kernel in bootable form. Instead, it contains the
sources that the binary kernel rpm packages are created from. It can be
used by administrators who have decided to build their own kernel.
Since the kernel-source.rpm is an installable (compiled) package that
contains sources for the linux kernel, it is not the source RPM for
the kernel RPM binary packages.
The kernel RPM binary packages for the distributions can be found at the
locations below ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/i386/update/.
8.0/images/
8.1/rpm/i586
8.2/rpm/i586
9.0/rpm/i586
9.1/rpm/i586
After downloading the kernel RPM package for your system, you should
verify the authenticity of the kernel rpm package using the methods as
listed in section 3) of each SUSE Security Announcement.
**** Step 3: Installing your kernel rpm package
Install the rpm package that you have downloaded in Steps 3 or 4 with
the command
rpm -Uhv --nodeps --force <K_FILE.RPM>
where <K_FILE.RPM> is the name of the rpm package that you downloaded.
Warning: After performing this step, your system will likely not be
able to boot if the following steps have not been fully
followed.
If you run SUSE LINUX 8.1 and haven't applied the kernel update
(SUSE-SA:2003:034), AND you are using the freeswan package, you also
need to update the freeswan rpm as a dependency as offered
by YOU (YaST Online Update). The package can be downloaded from
ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/i386/update/8.1/rpm/i586/
**** Step 4: configuring and creating the initrd
The initrd is a ramdisk that is loaded into the memory of your
system together with the kernel boot image by the bootloader. The
kernel uses the content of this ramdisk to execute commands that must
be run before the kernel can mount its actual root filesystem. It is
usually used to initialize SCSI drivers or NIC drivers for diskless
operation.
The variable INITRD_MODULES in /etc/sysconfig/kernel determines
which kernel modules will be loaded in the initrd before the kernel
has mounted its actual root filesystem. The variable should contain
your SCSI adapter (if any) or filesystem driver modules.
With the installation of the new kernel, the initrd has to be
re-packed with the update kernel modules. Please run the command
mk_initrd
as root to create a new init ramdisk (initrd) for your system.
On SuSE Linux 8.1 and later, this is done automatically when the
RPM is installed.
**** Step 5: bootloader
If you run a SUSE LINUX 8.x, SLES8, or SUSE LINUX 9.x system, there
are two options:
Depending on your software configuration, you have either the lilo
bootloader or the grub bootloader installed and initialized on your
system.
The grub bootloader does not require any further actions to be
performed after the new kernel images have been moved in place by the
rpm Update command.
If you have a lilo bootloader installed and initialized, then the lilo
program must be run as root. Use the command
grep LOADER_TYPE /etc/sysconfig/bootloader
to find out which boot loader is configured. If it is lilo, then you
must run the lilo command as root. If grub is listed, then your system
does not require any bootloader initialization.
Warning: An improperly installed bootloader may render your system
unbootable.
**** Step 6: reboot
If all of the steps above have been successfully completed on your
system, then the new kernel including the kernel modules and the
initrd should be ready to boot. The system needs to be rebooted for
the changes to become active. Please make sure that all steps have
completed, then reboot using the command
shutdown -r now
or
init 6
Your system should now shut down and reboot with the new kernel.
There is no workaround known.
Please download the update package for your distribution and verify its
integrity by the methods listed in section 3) of this announcement.
Then, install the package using the command "rpm -Fhv file.rpm" to apply
the update.
Our maintenance customers are being notified individually. The packages
are being offered to install from the maintenance web. Update packages will be available soon.
- sitecopy
The sitecopy package includes a vulnerable version of the
neon library (CAN-2004-0179, CAN-2004-0398). Update packages will be
available soon.
- cadaver
The cadaver package includes a vulnerable version of the
neon library (CAN-2004-0179, CAN-2004-0398). Update packages will be
available soon.
- OpenOffice_org
The OpenOffice_org package includes a vulnerable version
of the neon library (CAN-2004-0179, CAN-2004-0398). Update packages
will be available soon.
- tripwire
A format string bug in tripwire can be exploited locally
to gain root permissions.
New packages are available.
- postgresql
A buffer overflow in psqlODBC could be exploited to crash the
application using it. E.g. a PHP script that uses ODBC to access a
PostgreSQL database can be utilized to crash the surrounding Apache
web-server. Other parts of PostgreSQL are not affected.
New packages are available.
- XDM/XFree86
This update resolves random listening to ports by XDM
that allows to connect via the XDMCP. SUSE LINUX 9.1
is affected only.
New packages are available.
- mod_proxy
A buffer overflow can be triggered by malicious remote
servers that return a negative Content-Length value.
This vulnerability can be used to execute commands remotely
New packages are available.
- freeswan
A bug in the certificate chain authentication code could allow an
attacker to authenticate any host against a FreeS/WAN server by
presenting specially crafted certificates wrapped in a PKCS#7 file.
The packages are currently being tested and will be available soon.
- ipsec-tools
The racoon daemon which is responsible for handling IKE messages
fails to reject invalid or self-signed X.509 certificates which
allows for man-in-the-middle attacks on IPsec tunnels established
via racoon.
The packages are currently being tested and will be available soon.
- less
This update fixes a possible symlink attack in lessopen.sh. The
attack can be executed by local users to overwrite arbitrary files
with the privileges of the user running less.
New packages are available.
- libpng
This update adds a missing fix for CAN-2002-1363.
New packages are available.
- pavuk
This update fixes a remotely exploitable buffer overflow in pavuk.
Thanks to Ulf Harnhammar for reporting this to us.
New packages are available.
- kdebase3
This update fixes a possible attack on tmp files created at the
first login of a user using KDE or at the first time running a
KDE application. This bug can be exploited locally to overwrite
arbitrary files with the privilege of the victim user.
Just affects SUSE LINUX 9.1
New packages are available.
______________________________________________________________________________
3) standard appendix: authenticity verification, additional information
- Package authenticity verification:
SUSE update packages are available on many mirror ftp servers around
the world. While this service is considered valuable and important
to the free and open source software community, many users wish to be
certain as to be the origin of the package and its content before
installing the package. There are two independent verification methods
that can be used to prove the authenticity of a downloaded file or
rpm package:
1) md5sums as provided in the (cryptographically signed) announcement.
2) using the internal gpg signatures of the rpm package.
1) execute the command
md5sum <name-of-the-file.rpm>
after you have downloaded the file from a SUSE ftp server or its
mirrors. Then, compare the resulting md5sum with the one that is
listed in the announcement. Since the announcement containing the
checksums is cryptographically signed (usually using the key
security@suse.de), the checksums offer proof of the authenticity
of the package.
We recommend against subscribing to security lists which cause the
email message containing the announcement to be modified so that
the signature does not match after transport through the mailing
list software.
Downsides: You must be able to verify the authenticity of the
announcement in the first place. If RPM packages are being rebuilt
and a new version of a package is published on the ftp server, all
md5 sums for the files are useless.
2) rpm package signatures provide an easy way to verify the authenticity
of an rpm package. Use the command
rpm -v --checksig <file.rpm>
to verify the signature of the package, where <file.rpm> is the
filename of the rpm package that you have downloaded. Of course,
package authenticity verification can only target an un-installed rpm
package file.
Prerequisites:
a) gpg is installed
b) The package is signed using a certain key. The public part of this
key must be installed by the gpg program in the directory
~/.gnupg/ under the user's home directory who performs the
signature verification (usually root). You can import the key
that is used by SUSE in rpm packages for SUSE Linux by saving
this announcement to a file ("announcement.txt") and
running the command (do "su -" to be root):
gpg --batch; gpg < announcement.txt | gpg --import
SUSE Linux distributions version 7.1 and thereafter install the
key "build@suse.de" upon installation or upgrade, provided that
the package gpg is installed. The file containing the public key
is placed at the top-level directory of the first CD (pubring.gpg)
and at ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/pubring.gpg-build.suse.de .
- SUSE runs two security mailing lists to which any interested party may
subscribe:
suse-security@suse.com
- general/linux/SUSE security discussion.
All SUSE security announcements are sent to this list.
To subscribe, send an email to
<suse-security-subscribe@suse.com>.
suse-security-announce@suse.com
- SUSE's announce-only mailing list.
Only SUSE's security announcements are sent to this list.
To subscribe, send an email to
<suse-security-announce-subscribe@suse.com>.
For general information or the frequently asked questions (faq)
send mail to:
<suse-security-info@suse.com> or
<suse-security-faq@suse.com> respectively.
=====================================================================
SUSE's security contact is <security@suse.com> or <security@suse.de>.
The <security@suse.de> public key is listed below.
=====================================================================
______________________________________________________________________________
The information in this advisory may be distributed or reproduced,
provided that the advisory is not modified in any way. In particular,
it is desired that the clear-text signature must show proof of the
authenticity of the text.
SUSE Linux AG makes no warranties of any kind whatsoever with respect
to the information contained in this security advisory.
Type Bits/KeyID Date User ID
pub 2048R/3D25D3D9 1999-03-06 SuSE Security Team <security@suse.de>
pub 1024D/9C800ACA 2000-10-19 SuSE Package Signing Key <build@suse.de>
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- --
- -
| Roman Drahtm\xfcller <draht@suse.de> // "You don't need eyes to see, |
SUSE Linux AG - Security Phone: // you need vision!"
| N\xfcrnberg, Germany +49-911-740530 // Maxi Jazz, Faithless |
- -
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VAR-200412-0732 | CVE-2004-2679 | Check Point Firewall-1 Internet Key Exchange Information Disclosure Vulnerability |
CVSS V2: 7.8 CVSS V3: - Severity: HIGH |
Check Point Firewall-1 4.1 up to NG AI R55 allows remote attackers to obtain potentially sensitive information by sending an Internet Key Exchange (IKE) with a certain Vendor ID payload that causes Firewall-1 to return a response containing version and other information. This issue is due to a design error that may present sensitive information to an attacker.
An attacker can leverage this issue to disclose information about the affected firewall product including the version number and various details about the firewall's capabilities. Furthermore this issue would facilitate fingerprinting or identifying a firewall by carrying out active scans. There are vulnerabilities in Check Point Firewall-1 version 4.1 up to NG AI R55
VAR-200408-0075 | CVE-2004-0589 |
BGP implementations do not adequately handle malformed BGP OPEN and UPDATE messages
Related entries in the VARIoT exploits database: VAR-E-200406-0084 |
CVSS V2: 4.3 CVSS V3: - Severity: MEDIUM |
Cisco IOS 11.1(x) through 11.3(x) and 12.0(x) through 12.2(x), when configured for BGP routing, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via malformed BGP (1) OPEN or (2) UPDATE messages. Multiple implementations of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) contain vulnerabilities related to the processing of UPDATE and OPEN messages. The impacts of these vulnerabilities appear to be limited to denial of service. During processing the offending packet the affected device will reset.
It should be noted that this issue only affects devices with BGP enabled; BGP is not enabled by default. It has been reported that this issue would be very difficult to exploit as it would require injecting malicious packets into communication between trusted peers.
An attacker may exploit this issue to cause the affected device to reset, taking several minutes to become functional. It is possible to create a persistent denial of service condition by continually transmitting malformed packets to the affected device. The vulnerability exists in Cisco IOS Releases 11.1(x) through 11.3(x) and 12.0(x) through 12.2(x)
VAR-200408-0130 | CVE-2004-0551 | Cisco CatOS TCP ACK handling vulnerability |
CVSS V2: 5.0 CVSS V3: - Severity: MEDIUM |
Cisco CatOS 5.x before 5.5(20) through 8.x before 8.2(2) and 8.3(2)GLX, as used in Catalyst switches, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash and reload) by sending invalid packets instead of the final ACK portion of the three-way handshake to the (1) Telnet, (2) HTTP, or (3) SSH services, aka "TCP-ACK DoS attack.". A vulnerability in Cisco CatOS may allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service on an affected device. Cisco CatOS 5.x versions prior to 5.5(20) through 8.x versions prior to 8.2(2) and 8.3(2)GLX are vulnerable
VAR-200406-0052 | CVE-2004-1754 | Symantec Enterprise Firewall DNSD DNS Cache " poison " Vulnerability |
CVSS V2: 5.0 CVSS V3: - Severity: MEDIUM |
The DNS proxy (DNSd) for multiple Symantec Gateway Security products allows remote attackers to poison the DNS cache via a malicious DNS server query response that contains authoritative or additional records. It is reported that dnsd is prone to a cache poisoning vulnerability.
Dnsd does not ensure that the data returned from a remote DNS server contains related information about the requested records.
An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to deny service to legitimate users by redirecting traffic to inappropriate hosts. Man-in-the-middle attacks, impersonation of sites, and other attacks may be possible. Symantec Enterprise Firewall is an enterprise-class firewall that includes DNSD proxy. Symantec Enterprise Firewall has issues with its implementation of DNSD, which could be exploited by remote attackers for man-in-the-middle, fake site, or various other attacks. An attacker can control the DNS server and return a malicious response, resulting in the insertion of a fake DNS entry in the target system, thereby attacking Attackers can carry out attacks such as man-in-the-middle attacks/denial of service/social engineering
VAR-200412-0234 | CVE-2004-2508 | Linksys Web Camera Software Next_file Parametric cross-site scripting vulnerability |
CVSS V2: 4.3 CVSS V3: - Severity: MEDIUM |
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in main.cgi in Linksys WVC11B Wireless-B Internet Video Camera allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the next_file parameter.
The problem presents itself when an attacker passes malicious HTML or script code to the application via the 'next_file' parameter of the 'main.cgi' script.
Linksys Web Camera software version 2.10 is reportedly prone to this issue, however, it is possible that other versions are affected as well
VAR-200406-0158 | CVE-2004-0554 | Linux Kernel Multiple Device Driver Vulnerabilities |
CVSS V2: 2.1 CVSS V3: - Severity: LOW |
Linux kernel 2.4.x and 2.6.x for x86 allows local users to cause a denial of service (system crash), possibly via an infinite loop that triggers a signal handler with a certain sequence of fsave and frstor instructions, as originally demonstrated using a "crash.c" program. The Linux kernel contains a denial-of-service vulnerability that allows local users to disable affected hosts. Linux Kernel Stores the process state of the floating point unit / Used to restore FSAVE/FRSTOR There are deficiencies in the handling of instructions. This issue is due to a design error that causes the kernel to fail to properly handle floating-point exceptions.
This issue may be leveraged by an attacker to cause the affected system to crash, denying service to legitimate users.
Although only select Linux kernels are reported to be affected, it is likely that various other versions are vulnerable as well. These issues were found during a recent audit of the Linux kernel source.
The following drivers are reportedly affected by these issues:
aironet
asus_acpi
decnet
mpu401
msnd
pss
These issues may reportedly allow attackers to access kernel memory or gain escalated privileges on the affected computer. Local attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities to elevate privileges or conduct denial-of-service attacks on the system. The affected device drivers are: aironet, asus_acpi, decnet, mpu401, msnd, and pss. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
Debian Security Advisory DSA 1069-1 security@debian.org
http://www.debian.org/security/ Martin Schulze, Dann Frazier
May 20th, 2006 http://www.debian.org/security/faq
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
Package : kernel-source-2.4.18,kernel-image-2.4.18-1-alpha,kernel-image-2.4.18-1-i386,kernel-image-2.4.18-hppa,kernel-image-2.4.18-powerpc-xfs,kernel-patch-2.4.18-powerpc,kernel-patch-benh
Vulnerability : several
Problem-Type : local/remote
Debian-specific: no
CVE IDs : CVE-2004-0427 CVE-2005-0489 CVE-2004-0394 CVE-2004-0447 CVE-2004-0554 CVE-2004-0565 CVE-2004-0685 CVE-2005-0001 CVE-2004-0883 CVE-2004-0949 CVE-2004-1016 CVE-2004-1333 CVE-2004-0997 CVE-2004-1335 CVE-2004-1017 CVE-2005-0124 CVE-2005-0528 CVE-2003-0984 CVE-2004-1070 CVE-2004-1071 CVE-2004-1072 CVE-2004-1073 CVE-2004-1074 CVE-2004-0138 CVE-2004-1068 CVE-2004-1234 CVE-2005-0003 CVE-2004-1235 CVE-2005-0504 CVE-2005-0384 CVE-2005-0135
Several local and remote vulnerabilities have been discovered in the Linux
kernel that may lead to a denial of service or the execution of arbitrary
code.
CVE-2004-0394
A buffer overflow in the panic handling code has been found.
CVE-2004-0565
An information leak in the context switch code has been found on
the IA64 architecture.
CVE-2004-0685
Unsafe use of copy_to_user in USB drivers may disclose sensitive
information.
CVE-2005-0001
A race condition in the i386 page fault handler may allow privilege
escalation.
CVE-2004-0883
Multiple vulnerabilities in the SMB filesystem code may allow denial
of service of information disclosure.
CVE-2004-0949
An information leak discovered in the SMB filesystem code.
CVE-2004-0997
A local privilege escalation in the MIPS assembly code has been found.
CVE-2004-1335
A memory leak in the ip_options_get() function may lead to denial of
service.
CVE-2004-1017
Multiple overflows exist in the io_edgeport driver which might be usable
as a denial of service attack vector.
CVE-2005-0124
Bryan Fulton reported a bounds checking bug in the coda_pioctl function
which may allow local users to execute arbitrary code or trigger a denial
of service attack.
CVE-2005-0528
A local privilege escalation in the mremap function has been found
CVE-2003-0984
Inproper initialization of the RTC may disclose information.
CVE-2004-1070
Insufficient input sanitising in the load_elf_binary() function may
lead to privilege escalation.
CVE-2004-1071
Incorrect error handling in the binfmt_elf loader may lead to privilege
escalation.
CVE-2004-1072
A buffer overflow in the binfmt_elf loader may lead to privilege
escalation or denial of service.
CVE-2004-1073
The open_exec function may disclose information.
CVE-2004-1074
The binfmt code is vulnerable to denial of service through malformed
a.out binaries.
CVE-2004-1068
A programming error in the unix_dgram_recvmsg() function may lead to
privilege escalation.
CVE-2004-1234
The ELF loader is vulnerable to denial of service through malformed
binaries.
CVE-2005-0003
Crafted ELF binaries may lead to privilege escalation, due to
insufficient checking of overlapping memory regions.
CVE-2004-1235
A race condition in the load_elf_library() and binfmt_aout() functions
may allow privilege escalation.
CVE-2005-0504
An integer overflow in the Moxa driver may lead to privilege escalation.
The following matrix explains which kernel version for which architecture
fix the problems mentioned above:
Debian 3.0 (woody)
Source 2.4.18-14.4
Alpha architecture 2.4.18-15woody1
Intel IA-32 architecture 2.4.18-13.2
HP Precision architecture 62.4
PowerPC architecture 2.4.18-1woody6
PowerPC architecture/XFS 20020329woody1
PowerPC architecture/benh 20020304woody1
Sun Sparc architecture 22woody1
We recommend that you upgrade your kernel package immediately and reboot
the machine.
Upgrade Instructions
- --------------------
wget url
will fetch the file for you
dpkg -i file.deb
will install the referenced file.
If you are using the apt-get package manager, use the line for
sources.list as given below:
apt-get update
will update the internal database
apt-get dist-upgrade
will install corrected packages
You may use an automated update by adding the resources from the
footer to the proper configuration.
Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 alias woody
- --------------------------------
These files will probably be moved into the stable distribution on
its next update.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For apt-get: deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main
For dpkg-ftp: ftp://security.debian.org/debian-security dists/stable/updates/main
Mailing list: debian-security-announce@lists.debian.org
Package info: `apt-cache show <pkg>' and http://packages.debian.org/<pkg>
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_______________________________________________
Full-Disclosure - We believe in it.
Charter: http://lists.grok.org.uk/full-disclosure-charter.html
Hosted and sponsored by Secunia - http://secunia.com/
.
Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 alias woody
- --------------------------------
Source archives:
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-image-sparc-2.4/kernel-image-sparc-2.4_26woody1.dsc
Size/MD5 checksum: 692 27f44a0eec5837b0b01d26c6cff392be
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-image-sparc-2.4/kernel-image-sparc-2.4_26woody1.tar.gz
Size/MD5 checksum: 27768 6c719a6343c9ea0dad44a736b3842504
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-patch-2.4.19-mips/kernel-patch-2.4.19-mips_2.4.19-0.020911.1.woody5.dsc
Size/MD5 checksum: 792 d7c89c90fad77944ca1c5a18327f31dd
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Size/MD5 checksum: 1013866 21b4b677a7a319442c8fe8a4c72eb4c2
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-source-2.4.19/kernel-source-2.4.19_2.4.19-4.woody3.dsc
Size/MD5 checksum: 672 4c353db091e8edc4395e46cf8d39ec42
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-source-2.4.19/kernel-source-2.4.19_2.4.19-4.woody3.diff.gz
Size/MD5 checksum: 71071 7012adde9ba9a573e1be66f0d258721a
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-source-2.4.19/kernel-source-2.4.19_2.4.19.orig.tar.gz
Size/MD5 checksum: 32000211 237896fbb45ae652cc9c5cecc9b746da
Architecture independent components:
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-image-sparc-2.4/kernel-headers-2.4.18-sparc_22woody1_all.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 1521850 75d23c7c54094b1d25d3b708fd644407
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-image-sparc-2.4/kernel-headers-2.4.19-sparc_26woody1_all.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 1547874 c6881b25e3a5967e0f6f9c351fb88962
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-patch-2.4.19-mips/kernel-patch-2.4.19-mips_2.4.19-0.020911.1.woody5_all.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 1014564 0e89364c2816f5f4519256a8ea367ab6
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-source-2.4.19/kernel-doc-2.4.19_2.4.19-4.woody3_all.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 1785490 c66cef9e87d9a89caeee02af31e3c96d
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-source-2.4.19/kernel-source-2.4.19_2.4.19-4.woody3_all.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 25902158 321403201a198371fd55c9b8ac4583f7
Sun Sparc architecture:
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-image-sparc-2.4/kernel-image-2.4.18-sun4u_22woody1_sparc.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 3923058 db7bbd997410667bec4ac713d81d60ea
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-image-sparc-2.4/kernel-image-2.4.18-sun4u-smp_22woody1_sparc.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 4044796 106fcb86485531d96b4fdada61b71405
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-image-sparc-2.4/kernel-image-2.4.19-sun4u_26woody1_sparc.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 3831424 347b0c290989f0cc99f3b336c156f61d
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-image-sparc-2.4/kernel-image-2.4.19-sun4u-smp_26woody1_sparc.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 3952220 f7dd8326c0ae0b0dee7c46e24023d0a2
Big endian MIPS architecture:
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-patch-2.4.19-mips/kernel-headers-2.4.19_2.4.19-0.020911.1.woody5_mips.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 3890804 7348a8cd3961190aa2a19f562c96fe2f
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-patch-2.4.19-mips/kernel-image-2.4.19-r4k-ip22_2.4.19-0.020911.1.woody5_mips.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 2080618 d52d00e7097ae0c8f4ccb6f34656361d
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-patch-2.4.19-mips/kernel-image-2.4.19-r5k-ip22_2.4.19-0.020911.1.woody5_mips.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 2080830 db7141d3c0d86a43659176f974599cc2
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/k/kernel-patch-2.4.19-mips/mips-tools_2.4.19-0.020911.1.woody5_mips.deb
Size/MD5 checksum: 15816 c31e3b72d6eac6f3f99f75ea838e0bf9
These files will probably be moved into the stable distribution on
its next update
VAR-200412-0577 | CVE-2004-2293 | PHP-Nuke Multiple Input Validation Vulnerabilities |
CVSS V2: 4.3 CVSS V3: - Severity: MEDIUM |
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in PHP-Nuke 6.0 to 7.3 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) eid parameter or (2) query parameter to the Encyclopedia module, (3) preview_review function in the Reviews module as demonstrated by the url, cover, rlanguage, and hits parameters, or (4) savecomment function in the Reviews module, as demonstrated using the uname parameter. NOTE: the Faq/categories and Encyclopedia/ltr issues are already covered by CVE-2005-1023. PHP-Nuke is prone to multiple vulnerabilities. The issues result from insufficient sanitization of user-supplied data. The following specific issues can affect the application:
PHP-Nuke is prone to multiple cross-site scripting vulnerabilities. These issues affect the 'Faq', 'Encyclopedia' and 'Reviews' modules.
These cross-site scripting issues could permit a remote attacker to create a malicious URI link that includes hostile HTML and script code. If a user follows the malicious link, the attacker-supplied code executes in the Web browser of the victim computer.
PHP-Nuke is prone to an SQL Injection Vulnerability. Again the issue is due to a failure of the application to properly sanitize user-supplied input. The problem presents itself when SQL syntax is passed through the a parameter of the 'Reviews' module.
As a result of this issue an attacker could modify the logic and structure of database queries.
Finally a remote denial of service vulnerability is reported to exist in the score subsystem of the 'Review' module of PHP-Nuke, it is reported that a large number supplied as a value for a parameter passed to the 'Reviews' module will deny service to legitimate PHP-Nuke users
VAR-200412-0581 | CVE-2004-2297 | PHP-Nuke Multiple Input Validation Vulnerabilities |
CVSS V2: 5.0 CVSS V3: - Severity: MEDIUM |
The Reviews module in PHP-Nuke 6.0 to 7.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU and memory consumption) via a large, out-of-range score parameter. PHP-Nuke is prone to multiple vulnerabilities. The issues result from insufficient sanitization of user-supplied data. The following specific issues can affect the application:
PHP-Nuke is prone to multiple cross-site scripting vulnerabilities. These issues affect the 'Faq', 'Encyclopedia' and 'Reviews' modules.
These cross-site scripting issues could permit a remote attacker to create a malicious URI link that includes hostile HTML and script code. If a user follows the malicious link, the attacker-supplied code executes in the Web browser of the victim computer.
PHP-Nuke is prone to an SQL Injection Vulnerability. Again the issue is due to a failure of the application to properly sanitize user-supplied input. The problem presents itself when SQL syntax is passed through the a parameter of the 'Reviews' module.
As a result of this issue an attacker could modify the logic and structure of database queries. A vulnerability exists in the Reviews module of PHP-Nuke versions 6.0 to 7.3
VAR-200412-0580 | CVE-2004-2296 | PHP-Nuke Multiple Input Validation Vulnerabilities |
CVSS V2: 5.0 CVSS V3: - Severity: MEDIUM |
The preview_review function in the Reviews module in PHP-Nuke 6.0 to 7.3, when running on Windows systems, allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via an invalid date parameter, which generates an error message. PHP-Nuke is prone to multiple vulnerabilities. The issues result from insufficient sanitization of user-supplied data. The following specific issues can affect the application:
PHP-Nuke is prone to multiple cross-site scripting vulnerabilities. These issues affect the 'Faq', 'Encyclopedia' and 'Reviews' modules.
These cross-site scripting issues could permit a remote attacker to create a malicious URI link that includes hostile HTML and script code. If a user follows the malicious link, the attacker-supplied code executes in the Web browser of the victim computer.
PHP-Nuke is prone to an SQL Injection Vulnerability. Again the issue is due to a failure of the application to properly sanitize user-supplied input. The problem presents itself when SQL syntax is passed through the a parameter of the 'Reviews' module.
As a result of this issue an attacker could modify the logic and structure of database queries.
Finally a remote denial of service vulnerability is reported to exist in the score subsystem of the 'Review' module of PHP-Nuke, it is reported that a large number supplied as a value for a parameter passed to the 'Reviews' module will deny service to legitimate PHP-Nuke users
VAR-200412-0579 | CVE-2004-2295 | PHP-Nuke Multiple Input Validation Vulnerabilities |
CVSS V2: 7.5 CVSS V3: - Severity: HIGH |
SQL injection vulnerability in the Reviews module in PHP-Nuke 6.0 to 7.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the order parameter. PHP-Nuke is prone to multiple vulnerabilities. The issues result from insufficient sanitization of user-supplied data. The following specific issues can affect the application:
PHP-Nuke is prone to multiple cross-site scripting vulnerabilities. These issues affect the 'Faq', 'Encyclopedia' and 'Reviews' modules.
These cross-site scripting issues could permit a remote attacker to create a malicious URI link that includes hostile HTML and script code. If a user follows the malicious link, the attacker-supplied code executes in the Web browser of the victim computer.
PHP-Nuke is prone to an SQL Injection Vulnerability. Again the issue is due to a failure of the application to properly sanitize user-supplied input.
As a result of this issue an attacker could modify the logic and structure of database queries.
Finally a remote denial of service vulnerability is reported to exist in the score subsystem of the 'Review' module of PHP-Nuke, it is reported that a large number supplied as a value for a parameter passed to the 'Reviews' module will deny service to legitimate PHP-Nuke users
VAR-200412-0578 | CVE-2004-2294 | PHP-Nuke Multiple Input Validation Vulnerabilities |
CVSS V2: 4.3 CVSS V3: - Severity: MEDIUM |
Canonicalize-before-filter error in the send_review function in the Reviews module for PHP-Nuke 6.0 to 7.3 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via hex-encoded XSS sequences in the text parameter, which is checked for dangerous sequences before it is canonicalized, leading to a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability. PHP-Nuke is prone to multiple vulnerabilities. The issues result from insufficient sanitization of user-supplied data. The following specific issues can affect the application:
PHP-Nuke is prone to multiple cross-site scripting vulnerabilities. These issues affect the 'Faq', 'Encyclopedia' and 'Reviews' modules.
These cross-site scripting issues could permit a remote attacker to create a malicious URI link that includes hostile HTML and script code. If a user follows the malicious link, the attacker-supplied code executes in the Web browser of the victim computer.
PHP-Nuke is prone to an SQL Injection Vulnerability. Again the issue is due to a failure of the application to properly sanitize user-supplied input. The problem presents itself when SQL syntax is passed through the a parameter of the 'Reviews' module.
As a result of this issue an attacker could modify the logic and structure of database queries.
Finally a remote denial of service vulnerability is reported to exist in the score subsystem of the 'Review' module of PHP-Nuke, it is reported that a large number supplied as a value for a parameter passed to the 'Reviews' module will deny service to legitimate PHP-Nuke users. The send_review function in the Reviews module of PHP-Nuke 6.0 to 7.3 has a Canonicalize-before-filter error vulnerability
VAR-200406-0087 | No CVE | Cisco CatOS TCP-ACK Denial Of Service Vulnerability |
CVSS V2: - CVSS V3: - Severity: - |
It has been reported that Cisco CatOS is vulnerable to a denial of service attack. Improper initial TCP handshakes can cause affected devices to cease functioning and reboot.
These improper connections can originate from spoofed source addresses, making it easier for an attacker to accomplish a denial of service attack.
This vulnerability is only accessible if the device is running telnet, HTTP, or SSH services. IOS is not affected by this vulnerability.
VAR-200412-0233 | CVE-2004-2507 | Linksys Web Camera Software next_file Parameter file leak vulnerability |
CVSS V2: 5.0 CVSS V3: - Severity: MEDIUM |
Absolute path traversal vulnerability in main.cgi in Linksys WVC11B Wireless-B Internet Video Camera allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via an absolute pathname in the next_file parameter.
Linksys Web Camera software version 2.10 is reportedly prone to this issue, however, it is possible that other versions are affected as well. Linksys Web Camera has an input validation vulnerability when processing user requests. The main.cgi program of Linksys Web Camera lacks sufficient inspection and filtering for the \'\'next_file\'\' parameter submitted by the user. If the system file name is submitted as a parameter, the attacker can read the content of the corresponding file
VAR-200408-0089 | CVE-2004-0538 | Apple Mac OS X Multiple Security Vulnerabilities |
CVSS V2: 7.5 CVSS V3: - Severity: HIGH |
LaunchServices in Mac OS X 10.3.4 and 10.2.8 automatically registers and executes new applications, which could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code without warning the user. apple's Apple Mac OS X and Apple Mac OS X Server Exists in unspecified vulnerabilities.None. A security update has been released to address these issues and provide other enhancements. The following issues were reported:
LaunchServices is reported prone to a vulnerability where the LaunchServices utility automatically registers applications. It is reported that an attacker may exploit this issue to register and run malicious applications.
DiskImageMounter is reported prone to a vulnerability where the disk:// URI handler may be used to mount an anonymous remote file system. This attack can be achieved using the HTTP protocol. A remote attacker may exploit this vulnerability to write to the local disk.
Safari is reported prone to an unspecified vulnerability where the Safari "Show in Finder" button, when invoked, would attempt to execute certain files instead of revealing the files in the finder window. An attacker may potentially exploit this condition to automatically execute files on the file system (including downloaded files). This could lead to privilege escalation or remote compromise.
Some of these issues may already be described in previous BIDs. This BID will be split up into unique BIDs when further analysis of this update is complete. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1
APPLE-SA-2004-06-07 Security Update 2004-06-07
Description
Security Update 2004-06-07 delivers a number of security enhancements
and is recommended for all Macintosh users. The purpose of this
update is to increase security by alerting you when opening an
application for the first time via document mappings or a web address
(URL).
Discussion: LaunchServices is a system component that discovers and
opens applications. This system component has been modified to only
open applications that have previously been explicitly run on the
system. Attempts to run an application that has not previously been
explicitly run will result in a user alert. Further information is
available in http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=25785
Component: DiskImageMounter
CVE-ID: No CVE ID has been reserved as this is only an
additional preventative measure.
Component: Terminal
CVE-ID: Not applicable
Impact: Attempts to use a telnet:// URI with an alternate port
number fail.
Discussion: A modification has been made to allow the specification
of an alternate port number in a telnet:// URI. This restores
functionality that was removed with the recent fix for CAN-2004-0485.
================================================
Security Update 2004-06-07 may be obtained from:
* Software Update pane in System Preferences
* Apple's Software Downloads web site:
For Mac OS X v10.3.4 "Panther" and Mac OS X Server v10.3.4
==========================================================
http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/
Click on: Security Update 2004-06-07 (10.3.4)
The download file is named: "SecUpd2004-06-07Pan.dmg"
Its SHA-1 digest is: 182745485d8db3ea29ec67cb603cc5668a4f60d9
For Mac OS X v10.2.8 "Jaguar" and Mac OS X Server v10.2.8
=========================================================
http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/
Click on: Security Update 2004-06-07 (10.2.8)
The download file is named: "SecUpd2004-06-07Jag.dmg"
Its SHA-1 digest is: e5fa73f6a67bdcd9af76927d3416974f039b2087
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http://www.apple.com/support/security/security_updates.html
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VAR-200408-0090 | CVE-2004-0539 | Apple Mac OS X Multiple Security Vulnerabilities |
CVSS V2: 10.0 CVSS V3: - Severity: HIGH |
The "Show in Finder" button in the Safari web browser in Mac OS X 10.3.4 and 10.2.8 may execute downloaded applications, which could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code. apple's Apple Mac OS X and Apple Mac OS X Server Exists in unspecified vulnerabilities.None. A security update has been released to address these issues and provide other enhancements. The following issues were reported:
LaunchServices is reported prone to a vulnerability where the LaunchServices utility automatically registers applications. It is reported that an attacker may exploit this issue to register and run malicious applications.
DiskImageMounter is reported prone to a vulnerability where the disk:// URI handler may be used to mount an anonymous remote file system. This attack can be achieved using the HTTP protocol. A remote attacker may exploit this vulnerability to write to the local disk. An attacker may potentially exploit this condition to automatically execute files on the file system (including downloaded files). This could lead to privilege escalation or remote compromise.
Some of these issues may already be described in previous BIDs. This BID will be split up into unique BIDs when further analysis of this update is complete. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1
APPLE-SA-2004-06-07 Security Update 2004-06-07
Description
Security Update 2004-06-07 delivers a number of security enhancements
and is recommended for all Macintosh users. The purpose of this
update is to increase security by alerting you when opening an
application for the first time via document mappings or a web address
(URL). For more details, including a description of the new alert
dialog box, please see:
http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=25785
Versions: Security Update 2004-06-07 is available for the following
system versions:
* Mac OS X v10.3.4 "Panther"
* Mac OS X Server v10.3.4 "Panther"
* Mac OS X v10.2.8 "Jaguar"
* Mac OS X Server v10.2.8 "Jaguar"
The following components are updated:
Component: LaunchServices
CVE-ID: CAN-2004-0538
Impact: LaunchServices automatically registers applications,
which could be used to cause the system to run unexpected
applications.
Discussion: LaunchServices is a system component that discovers and
opens applications. This system component has been modified to only
open applications that have previously been explicitly run on the
system. Attempts to run an application that has not previously been
explicitly run will result in a user alert. Further information is
available in http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=25785
Component: DiskImageMounter
CVE-ID: No CVE ID has been reserved as this is only an
additional preventative measure.
Component: Terminal
CVE-ID: Not applicable
Impact: Attempts to use a telnet:// URI with an alternate port
number fail.
Discussion: A modification has been made to allow the specification
of an alternate port number in a telnet:// URI. This restores
functionality that was removed with the recent fix for CAN-2004-0485.
================================================
Security Update 2004-06-07 may be obtained from:
* Software Update pane in System Preferences
* Apple's Software Downloads web site:
For Mac OS X v10.3.4 "Panther" and Mac OS X Server v10.3.4
==========================================================
http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/
Click on: Security Update 2004-06-07 (10.3.4)
The download file is named: "SecUpd2004-06-07Pan.dmg"
Its SHA-1 digest is: 182745485d8db3ea29ec67cb603cc5668a4f60d9
For Mac OS X v10.2.8 "Jaguar" and Mac OS X Server v10.2.8
=========================================================
http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/
Click on: Security Update 2004-06-07 (10.2.8)
The download file is named: "SecUpd2004-06-07Jag.dmg"
Its SHA-1 digest is: e5fa73f6a67bdcd9af76927d3416974f039b2087
Information will also be posted to the Apple Product Security
web site:
http://www.apple.com/support/security/security_updates.html
This message is signed with Apple's Product Security PGP key,
and details are available at:
http://www.apple.com/support/security/security_pgp.html
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VAR-200412-0824 | CVE-2004-2556 | Netgear WG602 Wireless Access Point Default Backdoor Account Vulnerability |
CVSS V2: 5.0 CVSS V3: - Severity: MEDIUM |
NetGear WG602 (aka WG602v1) Wireless Access Point firmware 1.04.0 and 1.5.67 has a hardcoded account of username "super" and password "5777364", which allows remote attackers to modify the configuration. Netgear WG602 reportedly contains a default administrative account. This issue can allow a remote attacker to gain administrative access to the device.
Netgear WG602 access point with firmware version 1.04.0 is reportedly affected by this issue. It is likely that other versions of the firmware are also vulnerable. It is reported that the new version (1.7.14) of the Firmware for WG602 is vulnerable to this issue as well, however, the username and password for the backdoor account has been changed. Remote attackers can use this vulnerability to modify the configuration
VAR-200412-0825 | CVE-2004-2557 | Netgear WG602 Wireless Access Point Default Backdoor Account Vulnerability |
CVSS V2: 5.0 CVSS V3: - Severity: MEDIUM |
NetGear WG602 (aka WG602v1) Wireless Access Point 1.7.14 has a hardcoded account of username "superman" and password "21241036", which allows remote attackers to modify the configuration. Netgear WG602 reportedly contains a default administrative account. This issue can allow a remote attacker to gain administrative access to the device.
Netgear WG602 access point with firmware version 1.04.0 is reportedly affected by this issue. It is likely that other versions of the firmware are also vulnerable. It is reported that the new version (1.7.14) of the Firmware for WG602 is vulnerable to this issue as well, however, the username and password for the backdoor account has been changed
VAR-200406-0051 | CVE-2004-2044 | PHP-Nuke Direct Script Access Security Bypass Vulnerability |
CVSS V2: 7.5 CVSS V3: - Severity: HIGH |
PHP-Nuke 7.3, and other products that use the PHP-Nuke codebase such as the Nuke Cops betaNC PHP-Nuke Bundle, OSCNukeLite 3.1, and OSC2Nuke 7x do not properly use the eregi() PHP function with $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] to identify the calling script, which allows remote attackers to directly access scripts, obtain path information via a PHP error message, and possibly gain access, as demonstrated using an HTTP request that contains the "admin.php" string. PHP-Nuke is affected by a direct script access security vulnerability. This issue is due to a failure to properly validate the location and name of the file being accessed.
This issue will allow an attacker to gain access to sensitive scripts such as the 'admin.php' script. The attacker may be able to exploit this unauthorized access to carry out attacks against the affected application. PHP-Nuke is a popular website creation and management tool, it can use many database software as backend, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, mSQL, Interbase, Sybase, etc